Investors are at risk of tax fines due to the HMRC Capital Gains Tax Glitch

A government system error could leave thousands of UK investors facing unexpected tax penalties this year. The problem stems from the HMRC Capital Gains Tax glitch, where online self-assessment forms are showing incorrect CGT figures. HMRC failed to correctly update its online tools after introducing rate changes in late 2024. Many investors using the portal have unknowingly submitted returns with inaccurate tax calculations.

This issue has already resulted in tax fines for investors, even when the mistake was caused by HMRC’s systems. Despite the glitch, HMRC continues to hold individuals accountable for any underpayment or omission.

In this article, we elucidate the issues, identify the individuals impacted, and suggest the appropriate course of action. We also outline how Apex Accountants can help you submit an accurate return, avoid penalties, and protect your financial position.

What Is the HMRC Capital Gains Tax Glitch?

The issue began after HMRC made updates following CGT rate changes announced in late 2024. However, technical errors mean some self-assessment forms are showing incorrect CGT calculations.

The main problems include:

  • Incorrect CGT liabilities showing on some tax returns
  • Errors in auto-filled figures within HMRC’s online forms
  • Risk of underpayment or overpayment
  • Potential late filing penalties due to delayed corrections

HMRC has acknowledged the issue, but many forms remain unfixed. The longer it remains unresolved, the higher the risk of HMRC penalties for capital gains submitted in error.

Who Is at Risk?

This issue may impact:

  • Individual investors disposing of property, shares, or crypto
  • Taxpayers using HMRC’s online self-assessment portal
  • Anyone filing for the 2024–25 tax year without a manual review
  • People relying on HMRC’s CGT calculator without professional checks

Even if the return is submitted on time, HMRC may still issue tax fines for investors who underreport gains due to faulty system outputs.

Key Risks to Investors

Here’s how the glitch could affect you:

  • Incorrect CGT bills
  • Interest and penalties on unpaid tax
  • Compliance checks triggered by mismatches
  • Time-consuming amendments and resubmissions
  • Missed reliefs or incorrect loss reporting

Even small errors can result in significant HMRC penalties for capital gains, especially if not corrected before the deadline.

What You Should Do

To protect yourself, follow these steps:

  • Check CGT figures manually using current tax rates
  • Review disposal dates, purchase costs, and reliefs used
  • Use updated software or a professional tax adviser
  • Amend any already submitted return if it contains errors
  • Keep accurate records for all disposals and gains

Submitting a correct return remains your responsibility—even if HMRC tools are faulty.

Why Choose Apex Accountants

At Apex Accountants, we specialise in helping investors file accurate, compliant tax returns—even when HMRC systems fall short. Our team knows what it takes to navigate Capital Gains Tax, and we work with individuals, landlords, and high-net-worth clients across the UK to reduce the risk of fines, penalties, and unwanted HMRC enquiries.

We don’t just process numbers—we help you make sense of them. Whether you’re reporting share disposals, crypto transactions, or second home sales, we provide practical, hands-on support at every stage of your tax journey.

Here’s how we help:

  • Accurate Capital Gains Tax Reviews
    We calculate gains and losses correctly using up-to-date rates and identify all eligible reliefs, including Private Residence Relief and Business Asset Disposal Relief.
  • Self-Assessment Filing with Confidence
    We prepare and submit your return on your behalf, review for HMRC system errors, and keep you informed throughout the process.
  • HMRC Dispute Support
    From investigating miscalculations to appealing unfair penalties, we represent you with full technical support and clear communication.
  • Specialist Advice for Property and Crypto Investors
    We provide tax guidance tailored to those dealing with residential property gains or complex digital asset portfolios.
  • Digital Filing and MTD Compliance
    Our team helps you comply with Making Tax Digital and stay ahead of HMRC’s evolving digital requirements.

With Apex Accountants, you benefit from deep technical expertise, clear communication, and a responsive service built around your needs. Our advice is proactive, our support is ongoing, and our aim is always to protect your financial interests.

Speak to us today to get expert support with your Capital Gains Tax and investment reporting.

FAQs 

What caused the HMRC glitch?
The glitch occurred after CGT changes were introduced but not properly applied in HMRC’s online forms.

Who is affected by the error?
Anyone using HMRC’s self-assessment portal to report capital gains for the 2024–25 tax year may be at risk.

Can I fix a return if I’ve already submitted it?
Yes. You can file an amended return within the correction window or request a review if penalties are charged.

Will HMRC waive fines if it’s their fault?
Not automatically. You are still responsible for accurate returns. You may need to appeal any fine.

How do I check if my figures are wrong?
Compare your CGT calculations manually or consult a qualified accountant for review.

Is this glitch affecting crypto investors?
Yes. Reporting capital gains from digital assets through HMRC’s online tools also impacts them.

Can I claim CGT losses during this period?
Yes, provided the losses are recorded and submitted correctly. These can offset gains and reduce liability.

When is the self-assessment deadline?
For the 2024–25 tax year, the deadline is 31 January 2026.

Is the problem ongoing?
HMRC is working on fixes, but as of January 2026, many users still report incorrect calculations.

Should I still use HMRC’s portal?
Yes, but verify all figures carefully. You may also consider using an agent or external software.

TikTok Tax Guide for UK Creators in 2026

TikTok is one of the fastest‑growing platforms for creators and small businesses. With more than a billion users worldwide, it’s now a serious income stream. A recent study found that the average Brit earning money via social media makes around £1,223 a year, which is above HMRC’s £1,000 trading allowance. Yet only 44% of people say they have registered for a self-assessment tax return, and more than half don’t realise they need to pay tax on additional income or gifted items. That gap in understanding can lead to penalties and interest. Apex Accountants work with content creators every day. This TikTok tax guide explains how monetisation works, how and when UK creators need to pay tax, what reliefs and deductions are available, and why accurate reporting matters.

How TikTok Earnings Work

UK creators monetise their TikTok channels in several ways:

Creator Fund and Creativity Program

The Creator Fund paid low rates of about £0.015–£0.075 per 1,000 views, but it has transitioned to the Creator Rewards or Creativity Program, now offering higher estimates like £0.40–£1.00 (around US $0.50–$1.20) per 1,000 qualified views for UK creators, paid monthly roughly 30 days after the month ends. Eligibility requires 10,000 followers and 100,000 views in 30 days.​

LIVE Gifts and Coins

Viewers buy coins for gifts during lives, which are converted to diamonds for creators; TikTok takes a 50%+ cut, with payouts to PayPal or bank after reaching about £50 (higher than US $10), not the lower US minimums.​

Other Income Streams

Brand deals, sponsorships, TikTok Shop sales, merchandise, and paid series subscriptions/tips are all taxable as self-employment income above £1,000 annually, often requiring self-assessment registration and potential VAT if turnover exceeds £90,000. Subscriptions typically require 10,000 followers, aligning with the summary.

Is TikTok Income Taxable in the UK?

Yes. HMRC treats earnings from TikTok as self‑employment income. The tax rules for UK TikTok creators apply to cash payments, affiliate commissions, and non-cash gifts received for promoting products. HMRC’s guidance on online platforms states that income from creating videos, podcasts or social‑media influencing counts towards your trading income, and you must declare it if your total trading income (from all side hustles) exceeds the £1,000 trading allowance. Gifts and services must be valued at their market value and included as income.

You usually don’t need to tell HMRC if all of the following are true:

  • Your total self‑employment income (from TikTok and other side hustles) is under £1,000 in the tax year (6 April–5 April).
  • You don’t already file a Self‑Assessment return for other reasons.

This £1,000 trading allowance is not per activity – it covers all your side hustle income combined. If you earn more than £1,000, you must register for Self‑Assessment and file a tax return. The personal allowance of £12,570 (2025/26) means you won’t pay income tax until your total income exceeds that threshold. However, you still need to report your income so HMRC can see that you’re within the allowance.

Gifts are income too

Many creators receive free products or services in exchange for content. HMRC treats these perks as taxable income. The value you must include on your tax return is the fair market value of the item or experience. Failing to report freebies is one of the most common mistakes we see.

Digital platform reporting – HMRC can see your earnings

From 1 January 2024, TikTok has been sharing information about UK creators’ earnings with HMRC, including payouts from the Creator Fund, Creativity Program and TikTok Shop sales. Similar rules apply across many platforms and are being rolled out worldwide. HMRC uses this data to cross‑check your tax return, so it’s much harder to hide income. That’s why accurate records and timely filing are critical.

When to register and report

You need to register for Self‑Assessment if your total self‑employment income (TikTok plus any other freelance work) exceeds £1,000 during the tax year. Registration must be done by 5 October following the end of the tax year. For example, if you exceeded the allowance in the 2025/26 tax year (ending 5 April 2026), you must register by 5 October 2026.

As per tax rules for UK TikTok creators, key reporting dates:

DeadlineWhat happens
5 OctRegister for self‑assessment if you’ve never filed before.
31 JanSubmit your online tax return and pay any tax due for the previous tax year. The same date also covers the first “payment on account” for the current year.
31 JulPay the second payment on account if required.

Self‑Assessment isn’t just for income tax. It also calculates National Insurance contributions (NICs) for the self‑employed. In 2024/25, compulsory Class 2 NICs will be abolished. For 2025/26, you’ll mainly pay Class 4 NICs, charged at 6% on profits between £12,570 and £50,270, and 2% on profits above £50,270. These NICs are included in your Self‑Assessment bill.

Does HMRC check TikTok?

Yes. HMRC has powers to investigate undeclared income and will increasingly rely on data from platforms. The digital platform reporting rules mean TikTok sends UK earnings data directly to HMRC. HMRC also uses “badges of trade” to decide whether your activity is a hobby or a business, looking at factors like profit motive, regularity of transactions and commercial organisation. If your content generation looks like a business, you must pay tax. Penalties for failing to declare income can include interest and fines.

How TikTok tax is calculated

The amount of tax you pay depends on your taxable profit (income minus allowable expenses) and which tax bands your income falls into. For the 2025/26 tax year, the rates for England, Wales and Northern Ireland are:

BandTaxable incomeIncome‑tax rate
Personal allowanceUp to £12,5700%
Basic rate£12,571–£50,27020%
Higher rate£50,271–£125,14040%
Additional rateOver £125,14045%

Your personal allowance reduces by £1 for every £2 of income over £100,000, so high earners can lose the allowance entirely.

Sample calculations of tax on TikTok earnings

To illustrate, the table below shows simplified examples assuming the creator has no other income and claims actual business expenses. National Insurance is calculated using Class 4 rates (6% between £12,570 and £50,270; 2% above). Figures are rounded.

ExampleTikTok incomeAllowable expensesTaxable profitIncome‑tax dueClass 4 NICsTotal tax & NICs
Modest earner£20,000£5,000£15,000~£486~£146~£632
Growing creator£60,000£10,000£50,000~£7,486~£2,246~£9,732
High earner£120,000£20,000£100,000~£27,432~£3,257~£30,689

** These numbers are indicative only and may change as per your personal circumstances.

How the modest earner’s bill is worked out

Income of £20,000 minus expenses of £5,000 leaves a profit of £15,000. After the personal allowance (£12,570), only £2,430 is taxable. Tax at 20% on that amount is £486, and Class 4 NICs at 6% on the same £2,430 add around £146 (total ~£632). National Insurance stops once your profits fall below £12,570.

The growing creator with profits of £50,000 pays tax on £37,430 after deducting the personal allowance. All of that is in the basic rate band, so the income‑tax bill is about £7,486. Class 4 NICs at 6% on £37,430 add around £2,246 (total ~£9,732). A high earner with profits of £100,000 pays 20% on the first £37,700 and 40% on the rest, resulting in an income‑tax bill of £27,432 and Class 4 NICs of about £3,257, giving a total around £30,689.

These calculations assume all other income falls within the same tax year and that the personal allowance is fully available. In practice, your total tax depends on your overall income, any other reliefs or allowances, and payments on account. Always seek professional advice for complex situations.

TikTok Tax Relief and Deductions

You can reduce your taxable profit by claiming legitimate business expenses. HMRC allows you to deduct actual expenses or claim the £1,000 trading allowance – not both. The allowance is often useful for small creators with minimal costs, but most professionals save more by deducting specific expenses. Common deductions include:

  • Equipment and software: Laptops, cameras, smartphones, lighting, microphones and editing software.
  • Phone and internet bills: Apportion the business use of your mobile or broadband. Only the business proportion is deductible.
  • Home‑office costs: You can claim a proportion of rent, mortgage interest, utilities and council tax, or use HMRC’s simplified flat‑rate method. Beware of capital‑gains‑tax implications if you claim a permanent home office.
  • Props and materials: Clothing, make-up, craft supplies, backdrops and other items used solely for your videos.
  • Travel and subsistence: Transport to shoots, meetings or events, hotel costs and reasonable meals. Keep receipts and apportion journeys that have a personal element.
  • Marketing and subscriptions: Costs of website hosting, paid ads, design software, social‑media management tools and professional training courses.
  • Professional fees: Accountants, photographers, videographers, editors and legal advice.
  • VAT on expenses: If your total taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 (the VAT registration threshold), you must register for VAT. VAT‑registered creators can reclaim input VAT on business purchases.

Remember that mixed‑use items must be split between personal and business use, and you should maintain clear records. Gifts you receive for promotions are taxable income but not deductible as an expense; you cannot claim the cost of free products against tax.

How We Handle Your Tax Matters

At Apex Accountants, we specialise in helping influencers and digital entrepreneurs navigate the tax maze. Our services include:

  • Self‑Assessment preparation and filing: We handle your tax return, ensuring all TikTok income and allowable expenses are correctly reported.
  • Expense tracking and bookkeeping: We set up robust systems so you can capture income, gifts and receipts without stress. This protects you if HMRC questions your figures.
  • VAT registration and compliance: We assess whether you need to register and manage your quarterly returns.
  • National Insurance and pension planning: We advise on NIC obligations and help you maintain your state pension record.
  • Incorporation advice: If your earnings grow, we can advise on whether switching from sole trader to limited company would reduce your tax bill and protect your assets.
  • Tax planning and forecasting: Using your data, we project future liabilities and suggest ways to reduce tax legally, from claiming reliefs to spreading income.

We understand the creative economy and the tax on TikTok earnings. Whether you’re a micro‑influencer or running a full‑time TikTok business, Apex Accountants provides the support you need to stay compliant and maximise your earnings.

FAQs About TikTok Tax in UK

1. Can I be employed and earn money on TikTok?

Yes. You can have a full‑time job under PAYE and still earn money on TikTok. However, PAYE does not cover your TikTok tax. If your side‑hustle income exceeds £1,000, you must register for Self‑Assessment and pay any tax due yourself.

2. Do I need to register as a business?

If your income from TikTok or other freelancing exceeds £1,000, you must register as a sole trader with HMRC and file a tax return. Many creators operate as sole traders, but if your profits are significant, you might benefit from forming a limited company for liability protection and potential tax efficiency. Speak to an accountant to assess your situation.

3. What about VAT and TikTok?

You only need to register for VAT if your taxable turnover (including TikTok Shop sales and sponsorships) exceeds £90,000 in a 12‑month period. Once registered, you must charge VAT on qualifying supplies and submit quarterly VAT returns. Some creators voluntarily register early to reclaim input VAT on equipment.

4. Are gifts taxable?

Yes. Gifts and free services received in exchange for content count as income and must be included at their fair market value. You cannot deduct the value of gifts, but you can claim related expenses (e.g., postage for giveaways).

5. Do I pay tax on money I haven’t withdrawn yet?

UK taxes operate on an accrual basis – you pay tax on income when it is earned, not when you withdraw it. Income credited to your TikTok balance counts as taxable income even if you leave it on the platform. Keep screenshots or statements showing dates and amounts.

6. What records should I keep?

Maintain a spreadsheet or use accounting software to log all income and expenses, including the value of gifts. Create separate categories (e.g., Creator Fund, brand deals, shop sales) and save invoices, contracts and screenshots. HMRC requires you to keep records for at least five years after the 31 January filing deadline.

7. Can I claim the trading allowance and actual expenses together?

No. You must choose either the £1,000 trading allowance or your actual expenses. If your expenses exceed £1,000, it’s usually better to claim actual costs. If your costs are lower, the trading allowance can simplify reporting.

8. Does my income matter if I reinvest everything into the business?

Yes. Reinvesting earnings does not remove your tax liability. You’re taxed on profits after deducting allowable expenses, not on what you withdraw. Good recordkeeping and tax planning can help you optimise cash flow.

Conclusion

TikTok offers exciting opportunities, but earning money from the platform comes with tax responsibilities. UK creators must report income above the £1,000 trading allowance, keep records of cash and non‑cash payments, and understand that TikTok shares earnings data with HMRC. The amount of tax you pay depends on your profits, tax bands and National Insurance contributions. By claiming legitimate expenses, tracking gifts, and meeting deadlines, you can minimise your bills and avoid penalties. If you’re unsure about your obligations or simply want more time to focus on content, Apex Accountants can help. Contact us today to ensure your TikTok success doesn’t become a tax headache.

The Rise in UK Tax Bills and How to Reduce Your Tax Legally

With income‑tax thresholds frozen until April 2031, millions of people will pay more tax even if rates stay the same. These changes are being called fiscal drag or a “stealth tax” because earnings rise with inflation, but tax bands do not. As wages and pensions grow, more people cross these thresholds and face a rise in UK tax bills.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves extended the freeze in her November 2025 Budget so that income tax and National Insurance bands will not rise until 2030–31. At the same time, she cut the additional rate threshold to £125,140 and increased the dividend, property, and savings tax rates by two percentage points. The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) estimates that about five million extra people will be pulled into higher tax bands by 2031.

This guide looks at all tax bills that are rising in 2026 and beyond and sets out legal ways to pay less tax. Apex Accountants encourage readers to plan early and seek professional advice – the rules are complex and subject to change.

Why are UK tax bills rising until 2031?

Thresholds frozen until 2031

Personal allowances (£12,570), the higher‑rate threshold (£50,270) and the additional‑rate threshold (£125,140) are frozen until April 203. Because wages and pensions usually rise each year, more of your income falls into the higher bands – this is known as fiscal drag.

Read more: How the income tax threshold freeze affects taxpayers

Dividend tax increase

From April 2026 on, the basic rate of tax on dividends will rise from 8.75% to 10.75% and the higher rate from 33.75% to 35.75%; the additional rate stays at 39.35%. A Reuters report confirms that this two-percentage-point increase affects savings, property, and dividend income.

Dividend and capital‑gains allowances cut

The tax‑free dividend allowance fell from £2,000 in 2022/23 to £1,000 in 2023/24 and £500 in 2024/25. The capital gains tax (CGT) annual exempt amount is £3,000 from April 2025.

ISA changes

The overall ISA allowance remains £20,000, but from April 2027 on, adults under 65 will only be allowed to put £12,000 in cash ISAs; the rest must be invested in stocks and shares. Junior ISAs continue to allow £9,000 per child.

Find out: How new ISA rules influence financial security

Savings tax rise in 2027

The personal savings allowance remains £1,000 for basic rate taxpayers, £500 for higher rate taxpayers, and zero for additional rate taxpayers. However, from the 2027/28 tax year, the tax on interest outside an ISA will rise by two percentage points: the basic rate will increase to 22%, the higher rate to 42% and the additional rate to 47%.

Salary sacrifice limit

From April 2029 only the first £2,000 of salary‑sacrificed pension contributions each year will be exempt from National Insurance contributions. Contributions above this will be subject to employer and employee NICs.

High Income Child Benefit Charge

The threshold at which child benefit is clawed back increased to £60,000 for tax years from 2024/25 onwards. Families with adjusted net incomes above £60,000 will pay back some or all of the benefit.

All Tax Bills That Are Rising In 2026 and Beyond

ChangeDetailsWhy it matters
Dividend tax increase (Apr 2026)The basic dividend tax rate will increase to 10.75%, while the higher rate will rise to 35.75%; the additional rate will remain at 39.35%. The tax‑free dividend allowance stays at £500.Investors with shares or company owners taking dividends will pay more on their income than the allowance. Consider holding dividend‑paying investments within ISAs or pensions to avoid the tax.
Income‑tax thresholds frozen until 2031The personal allowance (£12,570), higher‑rate threshold (£50,271–£125,140) and additional‑rate threshold (£125,140+) will not rise.Wage growth pushes more of your income into higher tax bands. A worker earning £50,000 in 2026 could pay thousands more in tax by 2031.
Cash ISA cap (Apr 2027)Under‑65s will be limited to £12,000 in cash ISAs each year; they can still invest up to £20,000 in total across all ISA types.Savers who favour cash must plan to invest the remaining £8,000 in stocks and shares ISAs or lose the allowance.
Savings tax rise (2027/28)The basic‑rate tax on savings interest outside an ISA will rise from 20% to 22%; the higher rate from 40% to 42%; and the additional rate from 45% to 47%.More savers will pay tax on interest; using ISAs or holding savings in the lower‑earning spouse’s name becomes important.
Salary sacrifice cap (Apr 2029)Only the first £2,000 of salary‑sacrificed pension contributions each year will be exempt from National Insurance.High-earners using salary sacrifices to boost pensions should maximise contributions before 2029 or explore alternative benefits, like electric car schemes.
High Income Child Benefit ChargeChild benefit starts to be withdrawn once the higher earner’s income exceeds £60,000 from 2024/25 onwards.Families approaching £60,000 may want to use pension contributions or charitable giving to reduce their adjusted net income and keep the benefit.
Capital Gains Tax ratesFor 2025/26 and later, basic‑rate taxpayers pay 18% on gains; higher‑ and additional‑rate taxpayers pay 24%.Selling assets outside tax wrappers can trigger higher CGT bills; using ISAs, pensions and the £3,000 allowance helps.
Inheritance tax thresholds are frozen.The nil‑rate band remains £325,000 and the residence nil‑rate band £175,000 until 2030/31. Any unused allowances are transferable between spouses or civil partners.Rising house prices mean more estates will pay 40% tax on amounts above these thresholds; gifting assets and using pensions can reduce liability.

Practical Example of The Rise In UK Tax Bills

Someone earning £35,000 in 2020 would have paid tax mostly at the basic rate. By 2031, if their salary rises to £45,000 through normal pay increases, a much larger portion of their income is taxed, even though tax rates have not changed. Because the personal allowance remains frozen at £12,570, more of their earnings fall into taxable bands each year.

Over the freeze period, this worker pays several thousand pounds more in income tax than they would have if allowances had risen with inflation. This increase happens without any official tax rise, purely due to frozen thresholds.

Increase your pension contributions

Pension contributions attract tax relief and reduce your taxable income. A basic‑rate taxpayer contributing £10,000 receives a 20% government top‑up, while a higher‑rate taxpayer can claim an extra 20% through their tax return. For high earners near £100,000, extra contributions can bring your income below the threshold where the personal allowance tapers away.

Use salary‑sacrifice schemes before 2029

Swapping part of your salary for pension contributions or benefits such as electric cars or cycle‑to‑work schemes reduces both income tax and NICs. From April 2029 on, the NIC-free amount is limited to £2,000, so consider boosting your contributions before then or exploring other benefits.

Claim the marriage allowance

If one spouse earns below the personal allowance (£12,570) and the other is a basic‑rate taxpayer, the lower earner can transfer £1,260 of unused allowance to the higher earner, saving up to £252 a year.

Use your ISA allowance and plan for the cash cap

Invest up to £20,000 each year in ISAs – interest, dividends and gains are tax-free. Under‑65s should plan to use more of the stocks and shares ISA allowance from April 2027 because cash ISAs will be limited to £12,000. Consider splitting savings across cash and investment accounts to maintain flexibility.

Optimise your personal savings allowance

Hold savings in the name of the lower‑earning partner to use the larger personal savings allowance (up to £1,000 for basic‑rate taxpayers). For higher-rate taxpayers, the allowance drops to £500 and disappears entirely once their income exceeds £125,140.

Manage capital gains and dividends

  • Realise gains up to £3,000 each tax year to use the CGT allowance.
  • Offset gains with capital losses, which can be carried forward indefinitely.
  • Transfer assets to a spouse in a lower tax band to use their allowances and lower CGT and dividend tax rates.
  • Hold dividend‑paying assets in ISAs or pensions to avoid the higher rates that come into effect in April 2026.

Make charitable donations (Gift Aid)

Donations to charity through Gift Aid allow charities to claim 25p for every £1 you donate. Higher‑rate taxpayers can reclaim the difference between their rate and the basic rate via self‑assessment. Gift Aid donations also increase your basic‑rate tax band, meaning more of your income is taxed at 20% instead of 40%.

Plan around the High Income Child Benefit Charge

If your adjusted net income is approaching £60,000, pension contributions or Gift Aid donations can reduce your income and preserve child benefit. You can also elect for your partner to receive the benefit and pay the charge through their tax return.

Use inheritance‑tax allowances and gifting

Give away up to £3,000 per year, make small gifts and use trusts or pensions to pass wealth outside your estate. Combine the nil‑rate band and residence nil‑rate band to pass up to £1 million tax‑free.

How We Can Help You Plan Better Amid Rising UK Tax Bills

Apex Accountants is a full‑service firm offering tailored advice to individuals and businesses. Our tax specialists can help you:

  • Personal tax planning: 

We review your income, allowances, and relief to structure your finances efficiently, prepare your self-assessment return, and advise on pension and ISA strategies.

  • Inheritance‑tax and estate planning: 

We create gifting strategies, establish trusts, and guarantee the tax-efficient structuring of wills and life insurance policies. Our goal is to protect your wealth for future generations.

  • Business and corporation‑tax advice: 

Our guidance helps companies claim all allowable expenses, such as capital allowances and R&D relief. We also provide advice on salary-sacrifice arrangements, shareholder remuneration, and restructuring benefits for directors.

  • Payroll and salary sacrifice: 

Our payroll team implements salary‑sacrifice schemes and monitors National Insurance changes. We will help you maximise your NIC savings before the £2,000 cap takes effect.

  • Investment and pension planning: 

Working with regulated financial advisers, we can help you align your investments, pensions and ISAs with your long‑term goals and minimise tax on dividends and capital gains.

  • Compliance and reporting: 

We ensure your business or personal affairs comply with HMRC rules, including the new quarterly reporting requirements and Making Tax Digital obligations.

Conclusion

The tax landscape in the UK is shifting. Frozen income‑tax thresholds until 2031, rising dividend and savings taxes, cuts to allowances and new caps on salary‑sacrifice relief will gradually increase the tax burden on workers, investors and families. Nevertheless, there are many legal tools to reduce your bill: boosting pension contributions, using ISAs and personal allowances, claiming the marriage allowance, gifting assets and donating through Gift Aid can all make a meaningful difference. Understanding fiscal drag and planning around key thresholds – such as £50,271, £100,000 and £60,000 – is essential.

At Apex Accountants, we combine our deep knowledge of UK tax law with personal advice. You can secure your financial future and keep more of your money by taking action early and using your allowances annually. Contact us today to discuss how we can help you navigate the 2026 tax changes and beyond.

FAQs About UK Tax Rise 

1. Are taxes increasing in the UK?

Tax rates have not risen widely, but frozen income tax thresholds mean more people pay higher tax as wages increase. This effect, known as fiscal drag, raises tax bills.

2. How can I reduce my income tax bill with thresholds frozen?

You can reduce income tax by increasing pension contributions, using salary sacrifice, claiming marriage allowance, checking your tax code, and keeping taxable income below higher tax bands.

3. How to avoid the 60% tax trap in the UK?

The 60% tax trap affects incomes between £100,000 and £125,140. Pension contributions, Gift Aid donations, and salary sacrifice can reduce adjusted income and preserve your personal allowance.

4. What salary pays 40% tax in the UK?

The higher rate of income tax applies once taxable income exceeds £50,271. Earnings above this level are taxed at 40% until reaching the additional rate threshold.

5. Is the UK the highest-taxed country in Europe?

The UK is not the highest-taxed country in Europe. Several EU nations have higher overall tax burdens, but frozen thresholds mean UK workers face rising effective tax rates.

6. What are the best uses of my ISA allowance?

ISAs protect savings, dividends, and investment gains from tax. Using the full £20,000 allowance helps shield income, especially as dividend and savings taxes continue rising.

7. How do I minimise dividend and investment taxes?

Holding investments inside ISAs or pensions avoids dividend and capital gains tax. Using annual allowances, spreading asset sales, and transferring assets to a lower-earning spouse can also reduce tax.

8. What is fiscal drag, and why does it matter?

Fiscal drag happens when tax thresholds stay frozen while incomes rise. It quietly pushes people into higher tax bands, reducing take-home pay without any official tax rate increase.

9. How does frozen tax affect child benefit?

If adjusted income exceeds £60,000, Child Benefit is gradually withdrawn. Pension contributions and Gift Aid donations can reduce adjusted income and help retain some or all benefits.

10. How can I reduce inheritance tax liability?

You can reduce inheritance tax through annual gifting allowances, seven-year gifting rules, residence nil-rate bands, and life insurance written in trust. Early planning makes the biggest difference.

Why Does HMRC Cryptocurrency Tax Reporting Require Users to Share Their Account Details?

HMRC Cryptocurrency tax reporting has entered a new phase. From 1 January 2026, crypto platforms operating in or serving the UK must collect and share user account details with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC).

This change directly affects individuals who buy, sell, trade, or hold cryptoassets. It also signals a clear message from HMRC. Crypto activity is no longer outside the tax system.

At Apex Accountants, we are already supporting clients who need clarity on what this means and how to stay compliant.

For more information on crypto tax reporting, read crypto tax reporting requirements and what they mean for the UK.

What Has Changed From January 2026

Crypto exchanges and similar platforms now have legal reporting duties. They must gather accurate information about their users and submit this data to HMRC.

This includes UK residents using both UK-based and overseas platforms.

The rules are part of the Cryptoasset Reporting Framework, an international standard adopted by the UK through domestic legislation.

The goal is simple.

Give HMRC reliable data to match against tax returns.

What Information Crypto Platforms Must Collect

Crypto platforms must now obtain and verify key personal and transaction details.

This includes:

  • Full name
  • Date of birth
  • Home address
  • Country of tax residence
  • National Insurance number or Unique Taxpayer Reference
  • Transaction history
  • Values recorded in pound sterling

Platforms must also carry out due diligence to confirm the accuracy of this information.

If a user does not provide the required details, the platform may restrict access or report the failure. Penalties can apply.

Why Strict HMRC Cryptocurrency Tax Reporting Rules Are Being Introduced

HMRC has long been concerned about crypto tax non-compliance. Many investors misunderstood their obligations. Others failed to declare gains altogether.

Crypto prices have risen sharply recently. That created significant taxable profits.

At the same time, HMRC struggled to obtain consistent data. The new framework changes that.

HMRC can now:

  • Identify undeclared crypto gains
  • Compare exchange data with tax returns
  • Detect patterns of non-reporting
  • Share information with overseas tax authorities

This reduces the scope for error and avoidance.

Does This Create a New Crypto Tax?

No. The tax rules themselves have not changed. Cryptoassets are already taxed in the UK.

Depending on activity, this may include:

  • Capital Gains Tax on disposals
  • Income Tax on mining, staking, or trading activity

What has changed is visibility. HMRC now receives structured data directly from platforms.

What Counts as a Taxable Crypto Disposal?

Many UK investors are still unclear on this point.

A taxable event can arise when you:

  • Sell crypto for cash
  • Exchange one cryptoasset for another
  • Use crypto to buy goods or services
  • Gift crypto to someone other than a spouse or civil partner

Each of these can trigger a gain or loss. Accurate records are essential.

Reporting Deadlines UK Crypto Users Must Know

If you made crypto disposals during the 2024–25 tax year, you may need to submit a self-assessment return by 31 January 2026.

HMRC has updated tax return forms to include a specific crypto section. This removes any doubt about disclosure expectations.

Losses can still be claimed. These may be carried forward if reported correctly.

What Happens If You Have Undeclared Crypto Gains

HMRC is encouraging taxpayers to correct past errors voluntarily. If you have undeclared crypto gains from earlier years, acting early matters.

Voluntary disclosure often leads to:

  • Lower penalties
  • Reduced interest
  • Better control over the process

Waiting for HMRC to contact you usually leads to harsher outcomes.

How We Can Help With Cryptoasset Tax Compliance

Apex Accountants provide specialist support for cryptoasset tax compliance, including:

  • Crypto capital gains calculations
  • Self-assessment preparation and filing
  • Review of historic crypto activity
  • Voluntary disclosure support
  • Record-keeping systems and reconciliation
  • HMRC enquiry and investigation assistance

Our crypto tax accountants in the UK work with individuals, investors, and business owners who want certainty, not surprises.

Conclusion

Apex Accountants support individuals and businesses with clear, practical crypto tax advice. We help you understand your reporting obligations, calculate gains accurately, and prepare compliant self-assessment returns. Where historic issues exist, we guide you through voluntary disclosure with care and precision.

Our approach is straightforward. We focus on accuracy, clarity, and timely action. This allows you to meet HMRC requirements with confidence and avoid unnecessary penalties or stress.

If you hold or trade cryptoassets and want certainty over your tax position, contact Apex Accountants today. Our team of crypto tax accountants in the UK is ready to review your situation and provide tailored support.

FAQs About Cryptoasset Tax Reporting

Do small crypto gains need reporting?

Yes. Even small gains may need reporting. HMRC reporting rules differ from tax payment thresholds. You must declare disposals if total proceeds or activity meet reporting criteria.

What if I used an overseas exchange?

Using an overseas exchange does not remove UK tax obligations. Platforms serving UK residents fall within reporting rules, and HMRC can receive data through international information-sharing agreements.

Will HMRC see my full transaction history?

Crypto platforms submit user details and transaction summaries. HMRC can request additional records during compliance checks or enquiries if figures reported on tax returns appear inconsistent.

Does holding crypto trigger tax?

No. Simply holding crypto does not trigger tax. Tax usually arises when you sell, exchange, spend, gift, or receive crypto income, such as staking or mining rewards.

How to avoid tax on crypto in the UK?

You cannot legally avoid tax on taxable crypto gains. The correct approach is accurate reporting, using allowances where available, claiming losses properly, and taking professional tax advice.

Can HMRC check my crypto account?

HMRC can access information reported by crypto platforms. It may also request records directly from taxpayers during reviews or investigations to confirm declared gains and income.

What are the new rules for HMRC crypto?

From January 2026, crypto platforms must collect and report UK users’ identity and transaction data to HMRC under international reporting standards, improving transparency and compliance checks.

How to hide crypto from HMRC?

You should not attempt to hide crypto. Failing to declare taxable activity is illegal. New reporting rules significantly reduce anonymity and increase penalties for non-compliance.

Does Crypto.com share information with HMRC?

Crypto platforms operating in or serving the UK must comply with reporting rules. This can include sharing user details and transaction data with HMRC where required by law.

Everything You Need To Know About UK’s New 40% First‑Year Allowance

From 1 January 2026 the UK offers a new 40% first‑year allowance (FYA) for plant and machinery. Announced in the Autumn Budget 2025, the permanent relief lets businesses deduct 40 per cent of qualifying expenditure from taxable profits in the year of purchase. It complements full expensing and the £1 million annual investment allowance (AIA) and is designed to encourage investment where those reliefs are unavailable. This guide explains how the allowance works, who can benefit and how to plan for it.

What is the 40% first‑year allowance?

Capital allowances let UK businesses offset the cost of capital assets against tax. The new 40% FYA provides accelerated relief on main‑pool plant and machinery that does not qualify for full expensing. Businesses can claim a 40 per cent deduction in the year of purchase and then claim writing‑down allowances (WDAs) on the remaining balance. This front‑loads tax relief compared with the standard WDA, which spreads relief over several years, thereby improving cash flow and encouraging investment.

Key features of new first-year allowance

  • Rate and permanence: The FYA is a permanent 40% deduction for new main‑rate plant and machinery.
  • Complementary to existing reliefs: Businesses should still use full expensing and the AIA where available because they provide 100% relief. The 40% FYA applies when full expensing or the AIA is unavailable or exhausted.
  • Follow‑up WDAs: The remaining 60% of the asset’s cost continues to receive relief through annual WDAs, which will fall to 14% from April 2026.
  • Not a super‑deduction: Unlike previous temporary measures, the new FYA is permanent and sits alongside full expensing and the AIA.

Who Can Claim the 40% FYA?

One of the most significant aspects of this measure is its broad eligibility:

  • Companies and unincorporated businesses – the relief is available to businesses subject to corporation tax and those subject to income tax (sole traders, partnerships and LLPs).
  • Businesses investing in leased assets – the allowance applies to assets bought for leasing. This corrects a long‑standing exclusion that prevented leasing companies from accessing full expensing. It is therefore particularly valuable for hire companies and equipment‑rental businesses.
  • Large and small businesses – there is no cap on qualifying expenditure, so the relief benefits businesses of all sizes. However, companies should still use their £1 million AIA first.

Qualifying and Excluded Expenditure

Only main‑pool expenditure qualifies. The main pool covers most plants and machinery used in a trade, such as manufacturing equipment, office computers, fixtures and fittings, shop fittings, and trade tools. The following points summarise eligibility:

Qualifying items

  • New plant and machinery used in the business (e.g., machinery, equipment, office and shop fittings, furniture, and kitchen and catering equipment).
  • Assets bought for leasing, including hire fleet vehicles and rental equipment.
  • Assets purchased for leasing within the UK – overseas leasing is excluded.

Excluded items

  • Cars – even low‑emission cars do not qualify for the 40% FYA.
  • Second‑hand or used assets – the FYA applies only to new expenditure.
  • Special‑rate pool assets – integral features (e.g., lifts, electrical systems) remain in the special pool and are not eligible.
  • Assets leased overseas – leasing to overseas businesses remains outside the scope of the FYA.

When Does the New First-Year Allowance Apply?

For corporation tax, expenditure incurred on or after 1 January 2026 qualifies for the 40% FYA. For income taxpayers (sole traders and partnerships), the allowance applies from 6 April 2026. Businesses should therefore plan their capital expenditures around these dates to maximise relief. Purchases made before January 2026 will not benefit from the 40% FYA and will instead attract the existing WDAs.

Relationship With Full Expensing and AIA

Full expensing allows companies to deduct 100% of qualifying new main-rate plants and machinery from taxable profits. It remains available until at least 31 March 2026 and is expected to continue permanently for companies, although the government may review details. Annual investment allowance (AIA) provides 100% relief on up to £1 million of qualifying expenditure for companies and unincorporated businesses each year.

The 40% FYA complements these reliefs:

  • Use full expensing first: Companies should always claim full expensing when eligible because it provides 100% immediate relief.
  • Use the AIA next: Businesses should utilise the £1 million AIA before considering the FYA because it also offers 100% relief.
  • Claim the 40% FYA when other reliefs are unavailable: The FYA is particularly valuable for expenditure on assets excluded from full expensing (e.g., assets bought for leasing) or once a business has exhausted its AIA limit.

Reduction of Writing‑Down Allowances

To finance the new FYA, the government will reduce the main rate of WDAs from 18% to 14% per year. The write-down allowance changes apply from April 1, 2026, for corporation tax and April 6, 2026, for income tax. Businesses should therefore expect slower tax relief on non‑qualifying expenditure and existing main‑pool balances. The reduction makes the 40% FYA more attractive, as it allows a larger upfront deduction before the lower WDA rate applies.

Why does 40% FYA matter?

  • Boosts cash flow: Accelerated relief reduces taxable profits in the year of investment, freeing cash for reinvestment.
  • Encourages investment: It addresses calls to extend reliefs to assets not covered by full expensing, particularly leased equipment.
  • Supports unincorporated businesses: Sole traders and partnerships, who cannot claim full expensing, gain access to substantial upfront relief for the first time.
  • Balances the WDA reduction: With annual WDAs falling to 14%, the FYA mitigates the impact by providing greater relief in the first year.

Tax Planning Tips

Proper planning will help businesses maximise the benefits of the new FYA.

  1. Review expenditure timing: Purchases made on or after 1 January 2026 (6 April 2026 for income tax) qualify for the FYA. Consider delaying acquisitions until after these dates to benefit from the relief.
  2. Use available allowances in order: Claim full expensing (companies only) and the AIA before using the FYA. This ensures the greatest possible deduction.
  3. Assess leasing strategies: If your business buys assets for leasing, the FYA provides upfront relief previously unavailable. The FYA applies only to UK leasing; overseas leasing remains excluded.
  4. Model cash‑flow impact: The reduction of WDAs to 14% increases the tax burden on existing main‑pool balances. Modelling can help determine whether accelerating purchases to claim full expensing or delaying them to claim the FYA offers the best outcome.
  5. Maintain records: Keep detailed records of qualifying expenditure, especially when assets are leased, to ensure the correct claim and avoid HMRC challenges.

Example of How the 40% First-Year Allowance Works in Practice

A self-employed mechanic purchases new diagnostic tools and workshop machinery costing £85,000 in February 2027. His Annual Investment Allowance had already been fully used earlier in the year, and full expensing was not available to him.

He claims the 40% First-Year Allowance, giving an immediate deduction of £34,000 (£85,000 × 40%) against taxable profits.

The remaining £51,000 is added to the main pool and qualifies for writing-down allowances at 14% in the following tax years.

If the mechanic pays income tax at 45%, the first-year tax reduction from the FYA alone is £15,300 (£34,000 × 45%).

This approach provides faster tax relief and improves short-term cash flow, even where full expensing is unavailable.

How Apex Accountants Can Help

We specialise in helping our clients navigate complex tax regimes and capital allowances. Our services include:

  • Capital allowances reviews: We identify all qualifying plant and machinery within your business and ensure you maximise claims under full expensing, the AIA, the 40% FYA and other reliefs.
  • Tax planning and modelling: Our experts model the impact of the new 14% WDA and the 40% FYA on your cash flow, helping you decide whether to accelerate or defer purchases. We also advise on the interplay between capital allowances and other reliefs like research and development tax credits.
  • Leasing strategy advice: For businesses that purchase assets as leases, we design optimised financing and leasing structures to maximise tax efficiency while complying with the new rules.
  • Compliance and claim preparation: We prepare capital allowance calculations and submit claims to HMRC, ensuring proper documentation and minimising the risk of queries.
  • Strategic business advice: Beyond capital allowances, we provide broader tax and accounting support, helping you navigate payroll changes, corporation tax planning and investment reliefs.

FAQs

1. When does the 40% FYA start?

For corporation tax, expenditure incurred from 1 January 2026 qualifies. For unincorporated businesses within income tax, the allowance applies from 6 April 2026.

2. Can I claim the FYA alongside the Annual Investment Allowance?

Yes. You should use your AIA first to claim 100% relief on up to £1 million of qualifying expenditure. Once the AIA is exhausted, any additional qualifying expenditure can benefit from the 40% FYA.

3. Can sole traders and partnerships claim the FYA?

Yes. Sole traders, partnerships, and limited liability partnerships can claim the 40% FYA, unlike full expensing, which is only available to companies.

4. Does the FYA apply to second‑hand assets or cars?

No. The new allowance is restricted to new plant and machinery. Secondhand assets and cars are specifically excluded.

5. Can I claim full expensing and the FYA on the same asset?

No. If an asset qualifies for full expensing or the AIA, you cannot also claim the 40% FYA. Choose the relief that provides the greatest deduction.

6. Is the 40% FYA permanent?

Yes. The allowance is intended to be a permanent feature of the capital allowances regime. However, future governments could amend rates, so keeping abreast of legislative updates is advisable.

7. What happens to the remaining 60% of expenditure?

The remaining cost enters the main pool and attracts writing‑down allowances. From April 2026 the main rate WDA will be 14% (reducing‑balance basis).

8. Does the FYA apply to integral features (e.g., electrical installations)?

Integral features fall into the special rate pool and do not qualify for the 40% FYA. These assets attract a 6% WDA.

9. Is leasing equipment overseas eligible?

No. The FYA excludes assets leased overseas. Only assets leased to UK customers qualify.

10. Should I accelerate purchases to claim the FYA?

It depends. Companies that can claim full expensing may prefer to accelerate purchases before March 2026 to lock in 100% relief. Those investing in leased equipment or unincorporated businesses may benefit from delaying purchases until after 1 January 2026 to access the FYA.

Conclusion

The 40% first‑year allowance represents a significant change to the UK capital allowances regime. By allowing businesses to deduct 40% of the cost of qualifying main pool plants and machinery in the year of purchase, it delivers a meaningful cash flow benefit. Unincorporated businesses and the leasing industry, previously excluded from full expensing, find the relief particularly valuable. However, the writing-down allowance change from 18% to 14% means that planning is critical. To maximise tax relief, businesses should understand the timing rules, prioritise full expensing and the AIA, and seek professional advice when necessary. With careful planning, the new 40% FYA can support investment, improve cash flow and help your business grow.

UK’s New “Taxi Tax”: What the VAT Crackdown on Uber and Bolt Means for Drivers and Passengers

The UK’s Autumn Budget 2025 introduced a major tax change for the private‑hire sector. Since 2 January 2026, large ride‑hailing operators in London, such as Uber and Bolt, can no longer apply the Tour Operators’ Margin Scheme (TOMS) to their fares. This new taxi tax means they must charge 20% VAT on the full fare, not just on their margin. HM Treasury claims that this move will eliminate a tax loophole, establish fair competition for black taxi drivers, and generate approximately £700 million in revenue.

This article looks at why private hire VAT changes were introduced, how they work, and what they mean for passengers, drivers, and operators. It also explains how Apex Accountants can help your business comply with the new rules.

Why Was the Tour Operators’ Margin Scheme Being Used?

The Tour Operators’ Margin Scheme is a special VAT scheme designed for tour operators selling travel packages. It allows companies to pay VAT only on their profit margin rather than on the full cost of the trip, often reducing the effective VAT rate to around 4%. In recent years some large ride‑hailing firms applied the scheme to domestic private‑hire journeys. This meant they charged VAT only on their commission after paying drivers and not on the entire fare.

In London, courts have ruled that ride‑hailing operators act as principals in the supply of passenger transport, so they must collect VAT on the full fare. Outside London, operators could continue acting as agents, accounting for VAT only on their commission. 

The Upper Tribunal ruled in March 2025 that operators such as Bolt could use TOMS. HMRC strongly disagreed, arguing that TOMS was never intended for domestic taxi services, and it appealed. To remove the uncertainty, the Autumn Budget legislated to exclude taxi and private‑hire journeys from TOMS.

What is the change in VAT on Taxi Fares in the UK from January 2026?

The policy paper “Private Hire Vehicle Operators and the Change in Legislation for the Tour Operators’ Margin Scheme” sets out the details. The key points of Reeves’ private hire VAT are:

  • Exclusion from TOMS – Section 53 of the VAT Act 1994 is amended to exclude suppliers of taxi and private-hire journeys from being “tour operators” for VAT purposes, except when the journey is supplied as part of a wider travel package.
  • Effective date – The VAT on taxi fares UK rule applies to journeys from 2 January 2026.
  • Scope: The change affects businesses that buy in and resell taxi or private hire journeys as principals or as agents acting in their names. Journeys where drivers provide the service directly as disclosed agents are unaffected.
  • Exceptions – TOMS remains available when a taxi or mini‑cab ride is supplied in conjunction with accommodation or another principal travel service, such as part of a holiday package.
  • Exchequer impact – HM Treasury expects the measure to raise around £190 million in 2025‑26 and £725 million in 2026‑27, tapering slightly in later years.

The Impact Of London Taxi VAT Increase

In London, private‑hire operators are legally required to act as principals when supplying journeys to passengers. Acting as principal means the company sells the entire transport service and must account for VAT on the full fare, not just its commission. Now that the new VAT rules for London taxis have taken effect, ride‑hailing firms in London must charge 20% VAT on each fare, increasing prices.

Outside London, regulations still allow operators to act as agents. If the driver is the supplier, the operator charges VAT only on its commission, and the driver pays VAT on their earnings. Most self‑employed drivers earn less than the £90,000 VAT registration threshold, so they do not charge VAT. For this reason, the “taxi tax” will mainly affect rides booked in London.

Uber has responded by rewriting driver contracts outside London so that the company acts as an agent, meaning VAT continues to apply only to its commission. As per recent reports, the new contracts make drivers contract directly with passengers, leaving Uber to add VAT solely to its commission. Because drivers seldom reach the VAT threshold, most fares outside London will avoid the 20% tax.

Impact on Fares and the Cost of Living

Expected Fare Increases

Official documents do not specify exactly how much fares will rise, but industry estimates provide a guide:

  • It is suggested that adding 20% VAT could add £2–£3 to a £12 journey.
  • Insurance broker INSHUR estimates that a £20 fare may increase to £24.
  • Uber’s UK general manager, Andrew Brem, warns that the government’s action will “mean higher prices for passengers in London and less work for drivers.”

These estimates imply that passengers could see fare increases of roughly 15–20%. A survey indicates that 70% of passengers would reduce or stop using private‑hire services if fares increased by 20%. This suggests the VAT on taxi fares in the UK may have a noticeable effect on demand, particularly for short trips.

Reeves Private Hire VAT Impact on Drivers and Operators

  • Drivers’ earnings – Many drivers are self-employed and earn less than the VAT threshold. If the operator acts as an agent, drivers will not charge VAT, and their fares should remain similar. However, in London, the operator must act as principal, meaning the fares will include VAT. Operators may choose to share the cost with drivers, potentially reducing earnings.
  • Reduced demand – Higher fares could lead to fewer trips, particularly outside peak hours. Lower utilisation could squeeze drivers’ incomes.
  • Business models – Large operators like Uber and Bolt are revising their business models. Outside London they are switching to an agency model to avoid charging VAT on full fares. In London, operators may still look for efficiency gains or promotional pricing to remain competitive.
  • Small operators and black cabs – Smaller taxi and private‑hire firms that already pay full VAT or operate below the threshold are largely unaffected. The Licensed Taxi Drivers Association welcomed the private hire VAT changes as a “landmark step for fairness”, arguing they end the competitive advantage enjoyed by ride-hailing platforms.

Wider Impacts of Reeves’ Private Hire VAT

The Treasury expects the reform to raise around £700 million per year. Officials say the revenue will help fund priorities such as cutting the cost of living, reducing waiting lists and reducing national debt. While black cab drivers see the measure as levelling the playing field, hospitality and transport groups warn that higher fares could deter people from travelling for leisure or work. Some commentators argue that a lower VAT rate on transport would have encouraged mobility and economic activity. The debate shows the challenge of balancing tax fairness with affordability.

How We Can Help Navigate New Taxi Tax in UK

Apex Accountants understands how new tax rules can disrupt your business. Our team of VAT specialists can help private hire operators, taxi firms, and self-employed drivers navigate the 2026 VAT changes. We offer:

  • VAT registration and compliance – Assess whether you must register, prepare VAT returns and ensure you collect the correct tax.
  • Business model reviews – Clarify whether you should operate as an agent or principal, calculate the impact on your margins and draft clear contracts.
  • Accounting software setup – Integrate digital tools to automate VAT calculations and recordkeeping.
  • Training and support – Provide guidance on invoicing, VAT thresholds and claiming input tax to maximise deductions.
  • Industry updates – Keep you informed about further changes to licensing, HMRC guidance and relevant court decisions.

Conclusion

The government’s decision to close the TOMS loophole marks a major shift in VAT on online cab companies. Since 2 January 2026, large operators in London must charge 20% VAT on the full fare, bringing their tax treatment closer to that of black cabs. Outside London, operators can still act as agents, so many fares remain VAT‑free. Passengers in the capital should expect fare increases of around 15–20%, while drivers and operators must assess how the change affects their earnings and compliance obligations.

With proper planning and professional advice, businesses can adapt to the new landscape. For tailored guidance on VAT, tax planning and compliance, Apex Accountants is here to help you navigate the roads ahead.

Frequently Asked Questions About VAT for Online Cab Companies

What is the Tour Operators’ Margin Scheme (TOMS)?

The TOMS is a simplified VAT scheme for travel companies that buy and resell travel services. It allows firms to pay VAT on their margin (profit) rather than the full selling price. It was designed for travel packages such as holidays. Under TOMS, operators normally pay an effective VAT rate of around 4%, compared with the standard 20%.

Why were ride‑hailing companies using TOMS?

Following court rulings, some private‑hire companies acting as principals argued that TOMS applied to domestic journeys, allowing them to pay VAT only on their commission. HMRC disagreed, stating that TOMS was never intended for domestic taxi services. The Upper Tribunal ruled in March 2025 that TOMS could apply to ride‑hailing services, prompting HM Treasury to legislate.

When did the new VAT rule start?

The exclusion from TOMS applies to journeys supplied on or after 2 January 2026. Since that date has now passed, all affected journeys are subject to the new rules.

Who pays the VAT under the new rules?

If the private‑hire operator acts as a principal, it charges VAT on the full fare. In London, it is mandatory. If the operator is an agent, only the commission is taxed, and the driver pays VAT on their earnings. Many trips outside of London will remain VAT-free because the majority of drivers make less than the £90,000 VAT registration threshold.

Will fares outside London go up?

Outside London, operators may continue using an agency model and pay VAT only on their commission. If operators adopt this model, fares should not increase unless the driver is VAT‑registered. However, regional authorities could tighten their licensing rules, so passengers should verify their local operator’s pricing.

Are there any exceptions?

Yes. The new legislation still allows TOMS to apply when the taxi journey is supplied as part of a wider travel package – for example, a hotel booking that includes a transfer. In these cases, the ride is considered ancillary to the main travel service.

How can drivers and operators prepare?

  • Review contracts and business models – Determine whether you will act as principal or agent for each type of journey.
  • Monitor earnings – Self‑employed drivers should track their turnover to see if it approaches the £90,000 VAT threshold. Exceeding it triggers compulsory registration.
  • Update booking systems – Ensure your software applies the correct VAT rate from 2 January 2026.
  • Communicate with customers – Be transparent about price changes to avoid confusion.

Seek professional advice – Understanding VAT rules can be complex. Working with an accountant or tax advisor can help you stay compliant and minimise costs.

Van Tax Changes and How they Affect Employer Vehicle Costs

Many UK businesses use double cab pick-ups for work, with some private use allowed. Until recently, these vehicles often sat in a helpful “van” tax position. That changed from 6 April 2025. HMRC now expects most double cab pick-ups to fall under company car rules for direct tax, which can push up both employee tax and employer costs. This guide explains van tax changes, who gets hit, and what practical steps to take.

Van Tax Changes in April 2025

From 6 April 2025, HMRC stopped aligning the “car vs van” position for double cab pick-ups with the VAT payload approach. Instead, HMRC applies a “primary suitability” test for employment tax. HMRC’s view is that most double cab pick-ups can carry people and goods with no clear dominant goods purpose, so they will usually count like cars for benefit-in-kind (BIK). 

Why this can double the bill

1) BIK works very differently for vans vs cars

Van BIK uses a flat-rate charge. ICAS notes that the 2025/26 van benefit is £4,020, and the van fuel benefit is £769. 

That means the employee’s tax cost often looks like this (BIK × income tax rate):

  • Basic rate (20%): £4,020 × 20% = £804
  • Higher rate (40%): £4,020 × 40% = £1,608

Car BIK uses the list price × a CO₂-based percentage. The percentage can be high on many diesel pick-ups, so the taxable benefit can jump fast.

Here is a straightforward example (not a quote, but rather the standard calculation method):

  • List price: £45,000
  • BIK rate 37%
  • Taxable benefit: £16,650
  • Basic rate tax: £3,330
  • Higher rate tax: £6,660

That is why many firms see costs “double” or more when the classification flips.

2) Private use rules bite harder for cars

With a car, any private availability usually triggers a benefit. With a van, “insignificant private use” can avoid a BIK charge, and HMRC accepts that ordinary commuting can fall within that concept for van benefit purposes in some cases. 

So a move into car rules can create a tax charge where there was none.

3) Employer costs rise too

Employers typically pay Class 1A NIC on taxable benefits. So a higher BIK usually means higher employer NIC, plus higher admin and reporting pressure.

Changes in Business Deductions

Capital allowances: less upfront relief

For capital allowances, HMRC changed its approach for expenditure incurred:

  • From 1 April 2025 (Corporation Tax), and
  • From 6 April 2025 (Income Tax)

Most double-cab pick-ups will fall under car tax rules, which can restrict fast, upfront relief compared with a vehicle treated like plant and machinery. 

Lease cost restriction

For leased vehicles, car leasing restrictions can apply, particularly where CO₂ exceeds 50 g/km. ICAS also highlights a further shift from 1 October 2025 for some transitional lease treatment. 

VAT: the payload approach still stands

HMRC states the VAT input tax position remains unchanged. So VAT treatment does not automatically follow the new direct tax position.

Transitional Rules

This is the first thing to check.

Employment tax transition (BIK)

If you purchased, leased, or ordered a double cab pick-up before 6 April 2025, you can usually keep the earlier “van” treatment until the earlier of:

  • disposal
  • lease end
  • 5 April 2029 

Capital allowances transition

For capital allowances, transitional rules can apply where the contract was entered into before the relevant April 2025 date and expenditure is incurred before 1 October 2025. 

Practical steps businesses should take now

Step 1: Map your fleet by key dates

Create a list of every affected vehicle:

  • purchase date, order date, lease start date
  • date first made available to the employee
  • who uses it and how
  • expected replacement cycle before April 2029

This quickly shows which vehicles sit inside transitional protection. 

Step 2: Review private use in writing

If you want a van outcome for any vehicle that still qualifies:

  • tighten policy wording
  • restrict private mileage
  • record business journeys
  • consider secure overnight parking at business premises where practical

Step 3: Re-run the real cost

Do not guess. Cost it out per vehicle:

  • employee tax under car BIK
  • employer Class 1A NIC impact
  • fuel benefit exposure
  • reduced capital allowances or lease restrictions

Step 4: Consider alternatives before renewing

Depending on your operations, options may include:

  • a vehicle that clearly fits “goods vehicle” use and construction
  • different fleet mix (van plus occasional hire car)
  • mileage reimbursement rather than a benefit vehicle
  • low-emission choices where company car tax tends to sit lower

How We Can Help Businesses Navigate Vehicle Tax Rules

Apex Accountants supports businesses that provide company vehicles to staff, including trades, construction, rural firms, logistics teams, and service companies.

Our services typically cover:

  • Reviewing vehicle tax rules to confirm the correct car or van classification and assess risk
  • Benefit-in-kind planning to reduce unnecessary tax charges for employers and employees
  • PAYE and P11D support, including accurate reporting and process improvements
  • Capital allowances reviews covering purchase versus lease decisions, timing, and claims
  • VAT guidance on input tax recovery and evidence of business use
  • Drafting written policies on private use, record keeping, and audit trails

FAQs About Van Tax Changes

1. Are all double-cab pick-ups now taxed like cars?

HMRC expects that most double cab pick-ups will be taxed like cars due to the “primary suitability” test. Some exceptions may exist, but you need a facts-first review. 

2. I leased or ordered before 6 April 2025. Do I get protection?

Often, you will have protection until the earlier of the disposal, the end of the lease, or 5 April 2029, provided you meet the conditions. 

3. Does VAT treatment change too?

HMRC says VAT treatment remains on its own rules. Direct tax changes do not automatically rewrite VAT treatment. 

Will van benefit charges rise anyway?

Yes, the flat-rate van benefit charge rises with CPI. The government confirms £4,170 for 2026/27 and a van fuel benefit of £798. 

Conclusion

These “van tax” changes are a classification shift. For many double cab pick-ups, HMRC now applies company car tax rules. Such changes can increase BIK, limit tax relief, and raise employer costs.

Start with the key dates. Determine whether transitional protection applies. Then run the numbers for each vehicle before making renewal decisions.

If you are unsure how the changes affect your business or fleet, speak to Apex Accountants. We can review your vehicles, assess the tax impact, and help you plan the next steps with confidence.

Crypto Tax Reporting Requirements and What they Mean for the UK

From 1 January 2026, crypto platforms in the UK and across the EU will start collecting far more tax-relevant customer and transaction data than before. This is not a new “crypto tax”. It is a new crypto tax reporting system that gives tax authorities better visibility of crypto activity, particularly where money moves across borders.

For many people, the impact will feel practical rather than theoretical. You will see tougher onboarding questions, more follow-up requests, and regular reviews of your account information. If you have crypto gains or income, the days of “HMRC will never see it” thinking are ending fast.

What CARF means for the UK

The UK is implementing the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), designed by the OECD, through UK regulations and guidance on how to report crypto tax to HMRC.

In plain terms, CARF requires reporting cryptoasset service providers to:

  • identify users
  • verify tax residence details
  • track reportable transactions
  • submit annual reports to HMRC

HMRC has also confirmed domestic reporting will cover UK resident customers using UK-based reporting providers, so the information is not only for non-UK customers. 

What DAC8 means for Europe

Across the EU, DAC8 extends tax transparency to crypto-asset transactions.

Key points from the European Commission:

  • rules enter into force on 1 January 2026
  • Platforms should start collecting data on reportable transactions from that date on.
  • reporting is due within 9 months after the end of the first fiscal year, which puts first reporting deadlines into 2027

Irrespective of whether your platform sits in the UK or the EU, the direction is the same: more data collection, then formal reporting.

The timeline that matters most

Here is the timeline we want clients to focus on:

  • 1 January 2026: UK providers begin collecting user and transaction data under HMRC’s CARF rules.
  • 1 January to 31 December 2026: first reporting period for many providers. 
  • By 31 May 2027: the first UK reports are submitted to HMRC for the 2026 calendar year.
  • 2027 onwards: tax authorities begin international data exchanges, depending on jurisdiction commitments.
  • EU reporting deadlines: due within 9 months after year-end for the first covered year, pointing to reporting windows into 2027.

What information will platforms collect and report

You should expect platforms to request and verify details that help determine who you are and where you pay tax.

Common items include:

User identity and tax residence

  • full name
  • address
  • country or countries of tax residence
  • Tax Identification Number (TIN)
  • date of birth (for individuals)

Transaction reporting

  • types of cryptoassets involved
  • gross proceeds or values for certain transactions
  • transfer activity and related values in scope of the reporting rules 

If you do not provide the required information, penalties can apply. HMRC-linked guidance highlights penalties up to £300 in relevant cases for missing or incorrect information. 

What this means for UK crypto users

CARF does not replace your current tax duties. You still need to work out whether activity triggers Capital Gains Tax or Income Tax, then report correctly through self-assessment when required.

What changes is visibility.

HMRC guidance explains the goal is to link reported crypto activity to a taxpayer’s records, so the right tax gets paid.

You will likely notice:

  • more questions when you open new accounts
  • requests for your TIN and tax residence confirmation
  • periodic prompts to reconfirm details
  • higher audit risk where figures reported by platforms do not match your tax return

Steps to take before 1 January 2026

If you hold or trade crypto, here are sensible actions you can take now.

1) Get your records in order

  • download full transaction histories from every platform you use
  • save wallet transfer records and transaction IDs
  • keep fee data, since fees can affect gain calculations

2) Reconcile what you did, not only what you remember

  • check token-to-token swaps
  • check gifts
  • check crypto used to pay for goods or services

Many people miss that certain “non-cash” disposals can still trigger a taxable event. HMRC guidance on selling or disposing of cryptoassets covers core principles. 

3) Review whether you need to correct past returns

If you have historic gains or income not reported, voluntary disclosure often provides a better outcome than waiting for HMRC contact. HMRC provides routes for paying unpaid tax on cryptoassets. 

4) Plan for 2025/26 reporting early

If you trade actively, consider quarterly record checks. It reduces the year-end scramble and cuts errors.

What this means for crypto platforms and businesses

If you operate a UK cryptoasset platform, the starting point is simple: data collection and due diligence begin from 1 January 2026 under HMRC guidance. 

The UK framework sits in law through the 2025 regulations, with registration and penalties built in. Practical priorities for providers as per requirements for crypto tax reporting include:

  • mapping required data fields
  • building tax residence and TIN capture into onboarding
  • due diligence processes to validate user information
  • reporting file preparation and controls for annual submission 

If you operate in the EU, DAC8 creates similar demands, with collection from 1 January 2026 and reporting timelines into 2027. 

How We Help You Navigate Crypto Tax Reporting

Apex Accountants help individuals and businesses prepare for CARF and DAC8 and report crypto tax to HMRC with practical, tax-led support.

For crypto investors

  • Capital Gains Tax calculations for disposals, swaps, gifts, and withdrawals
  • income reviews for staking, rewards, airdrops, mining, and employment-linked tokens
  • Self-assessment support and report preparation
  • record clean-up where histories sit across multiple platforms

For crypto businesses and platform operators

  • readiness reviews for HMRC reporting expectations.
  • user data and due diligence process design.
  • governance, controls, and reporting workflow support
  • advisor support for year-end reporting preparation and internal checks

If you want a clear plan before 1 January 2026, book a consultation with Apex Accountants.

FAQs

Does CARF introduce a new UK crypto tax?

No. CARF is a reporting and information-sharing framework. Your existing UK tax duties still apply. 

When will HMRC receive the first reports?

HMRC guidance indicates the first report covers 1 January to 31 December 2026, then it is due by 31 May 2027.

What will platforms ask me for?

Expect tax residence details and a TIN, plus identity data used to verify you. HMRC-linked commentary also notes penalties where required info is not provided. 

Does DAC8 change reporting across the EU?

Yes. DAC8 expands EU automatic exchange rules to crypto-asset transactions, with rules in force from 1 January 2026 and reporting timelines into 2027. 

Conclusion

From 1 January 2026, the requirements for crypto tax reporting move into a new phase in the UK and Europe. Platforms will collect more data, tax authorities will receive more reports, and cross-border information sharing will increase. 

If you invest in crypto, the best move now is simple: tidy your records, confirm your tax position, and then report consistently. If you run a crypto business or platform, treat 2026 data capture like a live compliance project starting on day one.

How the UK’s 2025 Tax Changes Impact Media and Tech Companies

2025 ended with a clear message from government policy. As per the 2025 tax changes, the government wants more production, more innovation, and cleaner reporting. Media and tech firms sit right in the middle of that plan.

Some changes went into effect already in 2025. Others were confirmed through Autumn Budget 2025 documents and ongoing consultations. For business owners, the practical question is simple: 

  1. What can you claim?
  2. What must you prove, and 
  3. What needs tighter systems before 2026?

Apex Accountants work with production companies, studios, agencies, software firms, digital platforms, and game developers. Here is what mattered most through 2025.

1) Media tax relief moved into expenditure credits

The biggest structural tax changes for media companies have been the shift to expenditure credits, with HMRC providing clear guidance.

Audio-Visual Expenditure Credit (AVEC)

For qualifying films and TV programmes, HMRC confirms a 34% rate and a separate treatment for visual effects costs. 

Key points businesses need to build into budgets and claims:

  • AVEC is taxed at the main rate of Corporation Tax, then used against the Corporation Tax liability.
  • From 1 April 2025, productions within the 34% category can claim an additional credit for qualifying visual effects costs.
  • VFX costs can qualify at 39% and are exempt from the 80% cap on total core costs.
  • HMRC notes costs incurred from 1 January 2025 can be eligible for this VFX treatment

Tax changes for media companies on the ground in 2025:

Credits improved certainty for many productions. However, evidence requirements became more important. Cost classification, supplier contracts, and workpapers now carry more weight in risk reviews.

2) Video games moved into a credit regime with a transition window

Video game studios had their own major change. HMRC guidance confirms the Video Games Expenditure Credit (VGEC) can be claimed on qualifying expenditure incurred from 1 January 2024.

What should you take from these tax changes for tech companies:

  • Production start dates matter for transitional choices
  • Documentation around qualifying spend matters more than ever
  • Long projects need early planning, not a year-end scramble

3) R&D relief: merged scheme rules became central through 2025

For tech firms, R&D remains one of the most important relief areas. HMRC guidance on the merged R&D scheme sets a clear headline point: the R&D expenditure credit rate is 20% under the merged scheme. 

What this meant for 2025 claims:

  • More firms moved onto a single merged framework
  • Claims needed cleaner technical narratives
  • Cost breakdowns needed stronger links to eligible work

Strong R&D claims still win. Weak claims create delays, enquiries, or disallowances. Systems and evidence win here.

4) Digital taxation: DST remained, with formal review published in Autumn 2025

Large digital groups kept a close eye on the Digital Services Tax (DST). A statutory review was published during the Autumn Budget 2025, examining how the tax has performed, how it is administered, and its wider impact.

For businesses, these tax changes for tech companies pointed to a clear direction of travel:

  • DST remained a live issue throughout 2025
  • Government focus stayed firmly on how value and profits link to UK activity
  • International alignment continued to shape future policy choices

This is not just a “big tech” issue. UK firms providing cross-border digital services often feel the knock-on effects of tax changes through higher platform fees, tighter contract terms, and increased compliance expectations across the supply chain.

What media and tech firms should prioritise going into 2026

These are the actions we advised clients to take during 2025. They remain critical going into 2026, especially with tighter HMRC scrutiny and credit-based reliefs now firmly in place.

1) Lock in tax relief eligibility before spending starts

Do not wait until year-end.

Before a project or development phase begins:

  • Confirm which relief applies (AVEC, VGEC, R&D, capital allowances)
  • Check the start date rules for eligibility
  • Identify which costs will qualify and which will not
  • Build relief assumptions into the project budget from day one

If eligibility is unclear at the outset, claims become weaker later.

2) Fix your chart of accounts for relief claims

Generic bookkeeping causes problems.

Your accounting system should:

  • Separate qualifying and non-qualifying costs
  • Split UK and non-UK expenditure
  • Distinguish staff costs, subcontractors, and consumables
  • Track costs by project, not just by department

This reduces errors, speeds up claims, and lowers enquiry risk.

3) Build evidence as you go, not after the fact

HMRC expects contemporaneous records.

Throughout the year, retain:

  • Signed contracts and statements of work
  • Invoices linked clearly to each project
  • Time logs or activity records for staff and contractors
  • Technical notes explaining what was produced and why

If evidence is created months later, it carries less weight.

4) Review group structure and IP ownership now

Many issues arise here.

Check:

  • Which company owns the IP
  • Where development or production actually takes place
  • How profits are allocated within the group
  • Whether royalty and licence agreements reflect reality

Misaligned structures weaken claims and attract HMRC attention.

5) Plan cashflow around claim timing, not just entitlement

Credits are helpful, but timing matters.

You should:

  • Forecast when claims can realistically be submitted
  • Understand when credits will be received or offset
  • Avoid relying on reliefs to plug short-term cash gaps
  • Factor in HMRC processing time and possible queries

Strong businesses treat credits as upside, not survival funding.

6) Assign ownership internally

Someone must be responsible.

Make sure there is:

  • A named person overseeing tax relief data
  • Clear responsibility for record-keeping
  • Regular internal reviews before year-end
  • Communication between finance, production, and technical teams

Relief fails when everyone assumes someone else is handling it.

How Apex Accountants Can Help You Deal With 2025 Tax Changes

We support media and tech companies with practical, claim-ready delivery:

  • AVEC support: qualifying checks, cost reviews, claim preparation, and enquiry defence.
  • VGEC support: transition planning, qualifying expenditure review, claim files 
  • R&D tax relief: eligibility review, technical write-ups, cost modelling, merged scheme claims.
  • Corporation Tax planning for studios, agencies, software firms, and digital platforms
  • Systems and reporting clean-up to support digital compliance and HMRC-ready records

FAQs

Does AVEC cover visual effects, or only core production?

HMRC guidance confirms separate treatment for VFX, including a 39% rate and removal from the 80% cap rules.

When can a game studio claim VGEC?

HMRC states VGEC can be claimed on qualifying expenditure incurred from 1 January 2024. 

What is the R&D merged scheme rate?

HMRC guidance sets the merged scheme R&D expenditure credit rate at 20%. 

Is DST still relevant after the Autumn Budget 2025?

A formal DST review was published in Autumn 2025, so it remained active and under evaluation through late 2025.

Conclusion

The 2025 tax agenda did not rewrite the rulebook overnight. Instead, it reshaped how incentives work, moved reliefs into credit-based systems, raised the bar on evidence, and increased expectations around transparency for digital activity.

Media and tech firms that built tax planning into day-to-day operations adapted smoothly. Those that treated it as a year-end exercise faced delays, queries, and avoidable pressure.

As we move into 2026, early tax planning matters more than ever. The right structure, clean records, and timely advice can protect cashflow and strengthen claims.

If you want practical tax support tailored to your media or tech business, contact Apex Accountants today. We help you plan early, claim confidently, and stay compliant—without unnecessary risk.

Book a Free Consultation