Category: VAT

Expert Tax Services for Etsy Sellers in the UK

Posted on by Sidra

Selling on Etsy allows creative entrepreneurs to turn their talent into a thriving business. Yet managing tax obligations can quickly become challenging as your sales increase. From VAT registration to self-assessment returns, the financial side often feels more complex than creating your products. At Apex Accountants, we provide tailored tax services for Etsy sellers across the UK, helping you stay compliant while improving profitability. Our specialists handle bookkeeping, VAT for Etsy sellers UK, and year-end planning so you can focus on running your shop with confidence.

This article outlines the essential tax responsibilities for Etsy sellers, the expenses you can claim, and how professional accountants help keep your business compliant and profitable.

Do Etsy sellers need to pay tax in the UK?

Yes. Once your Etsy shop moves beyond a hobby and generates regular income, HMRC treats you as self-employed. You must report your profits each year through a Self Assessment tax return. If you earn less than £1,000 annually from Etsy, you can use the trading allowance and skip filing. Once you go over that amount, you’ll need to declare and pay tax on your profit after expenses.

What types of tax affect Etsy sellers?

Etsy sellers may face several different taxes, depending on how their business is set up.

  • Income Tax – paid on your profits after deducting allowable business expenses.
  • National Insurance (NI) – Class 4 NI applies when profits exceed £12,570, while Class 2 NI was scrapped in 2024.
  • VAT (Value Added Tax) – required when turnover passes £90,000 in any 12-month period.
  • Corporation Tax – applies if you operate through a limited company.
    Each tax has its own rules and deadlines, which can quickly become confusing without the right support.

Each tax has its own rules and deadlines, which can quickly become confusing without the right support from experienced tax accountants for Etsy sellers.

When should an Etsy business register for VAT?

You’ll need to register for VAT once your taxable sales exceed £90,000 within 12 months. Registration means you must charge VAT on eligible sales and submit VAT returns digitally under the Making Tax Digital (MTD) rules. Even smaller Etsy sellers sometimes register voluntarily if their supply costs include significant VAT, as it allows them to reclaim that tax on purchases.

Professional guidance on VAT for Etsy sellers UK helps you understand which sales are taxable, how to record digital transactions, and when to reclaim VAT efficiently.

What expenses can Etsy sellers claim?

Etsy sellers can deduct many business costs before calculating taxable profit. Common examples include:

  • Etsy listing, transaction and processing fees
  • Raw materials and packaging
  • Tools and equipment for making goods
  • Website, internet and software costs
  • Marketing and photography expenses
  • Postage, delivery and shipping
  • Home-office and energy use (if applicable)
  • Professional and accounting fees

Recording these expenses properly not only reduces your tax bill but also keeps your books accurate for HMRC.

How can a tax advisor help Etsy businesses?

Working with specialist tax accountants for Etsy sellers can save time, stress and money. Tax professionals handle more than returns—they advise on business setup, pricing, and compliance strategies. They can help you:

  • Register for Self Assessment or VAT
  • Integrate Etsy data with cloud accounting tools
  • Submit digital VAT returns on time
  • Identify tax reliefs and allowances
  • Plan cash flow and forecast profits

A good tax advisor also ensures your business stays compliant with the latest HMRC updates and filing obligations.

What accounting software suits Etsy sellers best?

Cloud accounting has become a must-have for online businesses. Platforms like Xero, paired with tools such as Link My Books, automatically import Etsy transactions and match them with bank records. This automation gives you real-time visibility of sales, VAT, and expenses—so you can focus on creating products instead of reconciling spreadsheets.

What happens if Etsy income isn’t declared?

Failing to report Etsy income can trigger penalties and backdated tax bills. HMRC cross-checks online marketplaces like Etsy, eBay and Shopify to find undeclared income. Honest and timely reporting protects your business reputation and avoids unnecessary investigations.

When are Etsy tax deadlines in the UK?

  • 31 January – online self-assessment filing deadline
  • 31 October – paper tax return deadline
  • Quarterly VAT returns – depending on your VAT cycle
  • Nine months after year-end – Corporation Tax payment (for companies)

Missing a deadline leads to fines or interest charges, so digital bookkeeping helps you stay organised year-round.

How can Etsy sellers reduce their tax bill?

You can legally lower your tax bill through smart planning.

  • Track and record every business expense
  • Choose the best business structure for your income level
  • Use allowances, such as the trading and personal allowances
  • Plan purchases before the tax year ends to claim relief sooner
  • Get advice from qualified UK tax advisors

A proactive approach to tax planning means you keep more of what you earn without worrying about compliance.

Why professional Etsy tax services make a difference

Selling on Etsy is creative work, but running the numbers is a professional task. With dedicated tax services, you get accurate reports, VAT support, and advice on pricing and profitability. Having experts manage your financial side means you can focus on growing your shop with confidence.

Simplify Your Finances with Apex Accountants’ Tax Services for Etsy Sellers

At Apex Accountants, we work with UK-based Etsy sellers who want reliable, compliant, and stress-free financial management. Our team combines accounting expertise with an understanding of eCommerce operations, making us the ideal partner for creative entrepreneurs. From bookkeeping and VAT registration to annual tax planning, we provide practical support that keeps your business profitable and compliant.

Contact Apex Accountants today to book your free consultation and get tailored tax advice for your Etsy shop.

Complete Guide to Tax Rules for Amazon Sellers in the UK

Posted on by Sidra

Selling on Amazon is a fantastic way to grow an online business, but tax and compliance often cause confusion.  Many sellers manage listings and stock well but struggle with VAT, HMRC rules, and business registration. At Apex Accountants, we specialise in helping Amazon sellers, resellers, and FBA traders manage their finances efficiently. Our expert team understands the tax rules for Amazon sellers in the UK, including VAT obligations, income tax, corporation tax, and Making Tax Digital compliance.

This article answers common questions our tax experts receive from Amazon sellers about UK taxes, VAT thresholds, and reporting for 2025–26.

Do Amazon sellers pay tax in the UK?

Yes. Whether you’re selling part-time or running a full-scale online store, income from Amazon sales counts as taxable income. HMRC treats you as trading if your sales are regular and profit-driven.

The type of tax you pay depends on how your business is structured:

  • Sole traders pay income tax and national insurance on profits.
  • Limited companies pay corporation tax on company earnings.
  • Partnerships file partnership tax returns and individual partner taxes.

As tax advisors, we often help new sellers determine the best structure to reduce tax exposure and stay compliant from day one.

When should Amazon sellers register for VAT?

VAT registration becomes mandatory when your taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in any rolling 12-month period. The sellers choose to register earlier to reclaim VAT on purchases such as inventory, Amazon fees, and advertising costs.

We provide tailored VAT services for Amazon sellers, helping them understand thresholds and reclaim input VAT. Please ensure that you submit digital returns on time. It ensures your obligations are met while improving cash flow and operational efficiency.

Once registered, sellers must charge VAT, usually 20%, on UK sales, submit VAT returns digitally under Making Tax Digital (MTD), and pay HMRC any VAT owed after offsetting input VAT.

Many sellers misunderstand how Amazon fees interact with VAT. Since August 2024, Amazon has applied VAT to its seller charges — a cost that can be reclaimed if your business is VAT-registered.

What happens if I sell internationally through Amazon FBA?

Selling across borders introduces more complex VAT rules. If you use Fulfilment by Amazon (FBA) and store stock in other countries, you may need local VAT registrations.

Our team regularly supports sellers using the Pan-EU FBA or European OSS (One Stop Shop) scheme, helping them manage multiple VAT accounts while keeping records centralised.

In short, storing stock abroad usually means VAT registration abroad, selling it to EU consumers may trigger OSS reporting, and non-compliance can lead to foreign tax penalties. We simplify these rules so sellers can focus on sales rather than tax forms.

How do Amazon sellers pay Income Tax?

For sole traders, income tax is calculated on profits — not total revenue. Sellers must register for self-assessment and file returns each year.

The 2025–26 tax bands are:

  • 0% up to £12,570 (personal allowance)
  • 20% for basic rate
  • 40% for higher rate
  • 45% for additional rate

Deductible business costs can include Amazon fees, product sourcing, shipping, packaging, software, advertising, and accountancy services. We help clients identify legitimate deductions to avoid overpaying tax and to maintain full compliance with HMRC.

How is corporation tax applied to Amazon businesses?

If you trade through a limited company, your profits are subject to corporation tax rather than income tax. The main rate is 25% for profits above £250,000. The small profits rate of 19% applies below £50,000, and companies between those thresholds receive marginal relief.

Filing a corporation tax return involves more than submitting figures. We ensure our clients’ accounts, director pay, and dividends are correctly aligned to minimise liability and avoid compliance errors.

What records should Amazon sellers keep?

Amazon sellers are required by law to maintain digital financial records for at least six years. Key records include sales reports and payout summaries from Amazon, purchase invoices and supplier receipts, VAT returns and submissions, import documentation, advertising, shipping, and packaging costs, and bank reconciliations.

We assist clients with setting up efficient digital systems, offering Amazon bookkeeping services UK tailored to your specific business model. This includes integrating tools like QuickBooks, Xero, or A2X for automated, MTD-compliant recordkeeping.

Do Amazon sellers pay National Insurance?

Yes. If you operate as a sole trader, you’ll pay Class 2 and Class 4 National Insurance Contributions (NICs) depending on profits. No NICs are due below £6,725 profit; 6% applies between £12,570 and £50,270, and 2% applies above £50,270.

Directors of limited companies instead pay Class 1 NICs salaries via PAYE. Dividends are taxed separately at lower rates.

What about import duties and customs taxes?

If you import stock from overseas, such as from suppliers in China or the United States, import VAT and customs duties apply. Rates depend on the product category and country of origin.

To stay compliant, classify products correctly using UK Tariff Codes, keep import and freight documentation, and work with customs brokers for complex shipments. We often assist clients with customs valuation reviews and reclaiming VAT paid on imports through their VAT returns.

What mistakes do Amazon sellers often make?

From our experience advising e-commerce clients, the most common problems are:

  • Treating Amazon payouts as profit without accounting for fees and VAT
  • Missing VAT registration deadlines
  • Ignoring import VAT on overseas purchases
  • Mixing business and personal finances
  • Submitting late tax returns

We help clients avoid these pitfalls with smart financial controls and reliable tax planning. Our VAT services for Amazon sellers also include quarterly reviews and proactive error checks to prevent HMRC disputes.

How Can Tax Advisors for Amazon Sellers Help You Succeed?

From our experience advising e-commerce clients, the most common problems are:

  • Treating Amazon payouts as profit without accounting for fees and VAT
  • Missing VAT registration deadlines
  • Ignoring import VAT on overseas purchases
  • Mixing business and personal finances
  • Submitting late tax returns

Clients benefit from hands-on support and reliable systems, including Amazon bookkeeping services UK that simplify reporting and cash flow analysis.

Why timely compliance matters for Amazon businesses

Amazon now shares seller data directly with HMRC under global transparency rules. This means HMRC already knows what you earn, so accuracy and prompt reporting are essential.

We help clients stay ahead of these regulations, keeping their businesses safe from penalties and maintaining smooth relationships with both Amazon and HMRC.

How Apex Accountants Simplifies Tax Rules for Amazon Sellers in the UK

Selling on Amazon should be about growing your brand and reaching new customers — not worrying about tax returns or HMRC deadlines. At Apex Accountants, our experienced tax advisors for Amazon sellers combine e‑commerce knowledge with proven tax expertise to keep your business financially secure and compliant.

From VAT registration and bookkeeping to corporation tax, payroll, and cross-border accounting, our team manages every financial detail for you. We understand Amazon’s marketplace systems, seller fees, and FBA requirements—allowing you to focus on expansion while we handle the numbers.

As trusted accountants for Amazon sellers across the UK, we provide personalised support, transparent communication, and long-term planning that helps you save time, reduce tax liabilities, and grow with confidence.

Book your free consultation today and let Apex Accountants take the stress out of your Amazon finances.

Key Changes to VAT on Theatre Tickets in UK in 2026

Posted on by Sidra

The UK theatre sector is facing new VAT challenges in 2026. Live performances, online streaming, and on-demand access now fall under updated VAT rules that affect how tickets are priced, reported, and taxed. These changes matter for both commercial producers and non-profit organisations. At Apex Accountants, we specialise in supporting theatres, venues, and performance companies with tailored tax and accounting advice. Our team helps clients apply the cultural exemptions, manage cross-border VAT on digital events, and maintain compliance with HMRC. This article explains the key VAT updates for 2026. It focuses on VAT on theatre tickets in UK, covering admissions, livestreamed and digital shows, registration thresholds, and practical steps for theatres to remain compliant while protecting revenue.

VAT on Theatre Tickets in UK

Standard VAT applies to most commercial theatre tickets at 20%. Only certain organisations qualify for the VAT cultural exemption for theatres, which applies when an organisation operates on a not-for-profit basis and is run by individuals with no financial interest. Eligible bodies and public organisations can exempt admission to live theatrical, musical, or dance events, while most commercial producers remain outside this exemption.

Charities can apply a separate fundraising exemption when events are genuinely promoted to raise funds. Wording on marketing and tickets must reflect the fundraising purpose. HMRC clarified this exemption in 2025, making compliance checks stricter.

VAT on Digital Performances

Digital performances remain a growth area. Livestreamed and on-demand shows carry distinct VAT treatment.

  • UK B2C sales: Tickets or access sold to UK consumers attract VAT at 20%.
  • EU B2C sales: Since January 2025, virtual events are taxed in the customer’s country. UK theatres must register for the EU One Stop Shop (OSS) to account for EU VAT in 2026.
  • B2B sales: Reverse charge rules apply when selling to overseas businesses. Evidence of business status must be retained.

When theatres sell performances through a digital platform, the platform takes responsibility for VAT collection and payment.

Place of Supply

For in-person shows, the place of supply is where the performance takes place. UK performances therefore attract UK VAT. For digital shows, the consumer’s location dictates the VAT treatment.

Registration and Theatre VAT rules 2026

UK organisations must register for VAT once taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in a rolling 12 months. Exempt admissions are excluded from this threshold. Non-UK suppliers face no registration threshold and must register immediately if UK VAT is chargeable.

The updated Theatre VAT rules 2026 also highlight the importance of separating exempt income from standard-rated supplies. Proper record-keeping now plays a bigger role in HMRC compliance checks.

Case Study: Apex Accountants Supporting a Theatre Client

In 2025, Apex Accountants worked with a regional theatre that sold both live tickets and livestream access to audiences in the UK and EU. The theatre assumed all livestream sales should carry UK VAT. Our team reviewed the sales and confirmed that EU B2C transactions required VAT declaration in the customer’s country through the EU OSS scheme.

We implemented a VAT mapping system that separated UK and EU sales automatically. The client avoided penalties for incorrect filings and reclaimed input VAT worth £18,500. By restructuring ticket pricing and clarifying exemption eligibility for fundraising events, the theatre improved net margins by 7% within one season.

Practical steps for 2026

  • Review each income stream: ticket sales, livestreams, on-demand access, sponsorship, and fundraising.
  • Assess whether the exemptions apply.
  • Segment audiences by location to apply the correct VAT rate.
  • Review contracts with ticketing and streaming platforms to confirm VAT responsibility.
  • Update invoicing, ticketing, and VAT reporting systems to handle UK and EU rules.

Why Choose Apex Accountants

Choosing the right adviser is vital when dealing with complex VAT rules for theatre tickets and digital performances. Apex Accountants bring sector knowledge, tax expertise, and practical solutions that protect margins while keeping you compliant. We work closely with theatres and performance companies to clarify eligibility for VAT cultural exemption for theatres, manage cross-border VAT, and strengthen financial reporting.

Our approach combines technical accuracy with tailored guidance, giving you confidence that your ticketing and digital sales are fully compliant under the 2026 rules.

Contact us today to discuss your theatre’s VAT needs and let Apex Accountants support your financial performance.

A Practical UK Guide on VAT for Literary Agents and Authors

Posted on by Sidra

VAT for literary agents and authors is a critical issue in the UK publishing sector, affecting commissions, royalties, advances, and book sales. Understanding when VAT applies and how it influences income is essential for both individuals and agencies, especially as rules differ for UK and overseas deals. At Apex Accountants, we specialise in working with the literary sector, offering tailored VAT advice that helps agents and authors remain compliant, manage costs effectively, and focus on building successful careers.

When Does VAT Apply

VAT registration rules

The UK VAT registration threshold is £90,000 of taxable turnover in any rolling 12-month period. If your total income frm commissions, royalties, advances, or fees goes above this level, you must register for VAT.

Key points to remember:

  • The £90,000 limit applies to you, not just to one source of income. Combine all self-employed earnings when checking the threshold.
  • Always calculate turnover on gross income before commission deductions. An advance of £10,000 with 15% agent commission still counts as £10,000 for VAT purposes.
  • Authors and agents below the threshold may still voluntarily register to reclaim VAT on costs such as agent fees, accountancy, or software.

Once registered, VAT returns must be filed quarterly, and VAT must be added to taxable invoices.

How VAT Affects Income:

VAT for literary agents

VAT-registered literary agents must charge 20% VAT on commission invoices when dealing with UK authors and UK publishers. For example, a 15% commission on a contract will also include VAT at the standard rate.

In contrast:

  • If a UK author signs with a foreign publisher, the commission is normally zero-rated.
  • If you represent an author based outside the UK, the commission is generally outside the scope of UK VAT.

So, do literary agents charge VAT? Yes, when they are VAT registered and working on UK deals. If they are not registered because turnover is below the threshold, VAT does not apply.

VAT for authors

Authors face their VAT issues. VAT-registered authors must add VAT to royalties, advances, and writing fees when working with UK publishers.

Other situations include:

  • Foreign publishers: Income from non-UK publishers is not subject to UK VAT.
  • Book sales: Sales of printed books are zero-rated. Since 2020, most eBooks and digital journals have also been zero-rated. While no VAT is charged on these sales, income from them still counts towards the £90,000 threshold.

So, do authors charge VAT? If they are VAT registered, authors must add VAT to royalties, advances, and fees when invoicing UK publishers. They can also reclaim VAT on allowable business expenses. Authors below the £90,000 threshold do not need to charge VAT, unless they choose to register voluntarily.

Benefits for VAT-registered literary agents and authors

Being VAT registered brings advantages, especially where large costs are involved. For example, authors paying agent commissions can reclaim the VAT element, reducing their costs. Both agents and authors can also reclaim VAT on professional expenses such as accountancy, office equipment, and software.

However, VAT registration does create extra admin. Records must be accurate, and returns must be filed on time. This is where professional advice helps.

Practical VAT advice for the publishing sector

  • Monitor turnover monthly to track when you are close to the £90,000 threshold.
  • Keep clear invoices showing whether VAT has been charged.
  • Reclaim input VAT where possible, such as on commissions, equipment, or business services.
  • Seek expert advice on complex issues like zero-rating, cross-border publishing, and digital services.

How Apex Accountants supports the literary sector

Apex Accountants works closely with both authors and agencies. We provide:

  • Guidance on whether and when to register for VAT.
  • Support in preparing accurate invoices and VAT returns.
  • Advice on zero-rated, exempt, and international publishing transactions.
  • Practical help in reclaiming VAT on professional expenses.

Our focus is on making VAT simple so you can concentrate on writing, representation, and publishing deals.

Conclusion

VAT for authors and literary agents in the UK involves more than just meeting the threshold. From commissions and royalties to cross-border income and zero-rated book sales, the rules can quickly become complex. For many in the publishing sector, knowing when to register and how to handle VAT correctly can make the difference between compliance and costly errors.

At Apex Accountants, we simplify VAT for the literary sector. Whether you are a literary agent managing commissions or VAT-registered authors reclaiming costs on professional expenses, our tailored advice helps you register at the right time, prepare accurate invoices, reclaim VAT, and manage returns with confidence.

Contact Apex Accountants today for specialist VAT support designed for authors and literary agents.

Managing VAT for agricultural cooperatives in the UK

Posted on by Sidra

Agricultural cooperatives remain central to the UK’s farming sector, giving farmers access to shared storage, processing, and marketing opportunities. By pooling resources, co-ops help members reduce costs, gain market access, and compete more effectively. Yet, this collective model also creates unique tax and compliance challenges. At Apex Accountants, we specialised in supporting agricultural businesses, including cooperatives. With profound sector knowledge, we address the complexities of VAT for agricultural cooperatives that can disrupt operations, affect cash flow, and draw HMRC scrutiny. Our goal is to protect cooperatives financially while allowing them to focus on delivering value to their members. Through tailored VAT advice for agricultural cooperatives, we help farming groups reduce risks and remain compliant with changing rules.

This article explores the most common VAT challenges faced by agricultural cooperatives. It highlights real-world examples, explains the risks of getting VAT treatment wrong, and shows how Apex Accountants can provide practical solutions.

Common VAT Challenges with Real-World Examples

Member Services and Facilities

Determining whether charges for services provided to members, such as storage or processing, are taxable or exempt can be complex. Misclassification risks underpaid VAT and potential HMRC penalties.

Example
 A grain storage cooperative charges members for silo use. If the co-op incorrectly treats these charges as exempt, it could face backdated VAT demands and compliance issues.

Exporting Agricultural Products

Exports are usually zero-rated, but cooperatives must manage customs paperwork, import VAT in destination countries, and maintain proof of export. Post-Brexit, these rules have become more complicated.

Example
 A dairy cooperative exporting cheese to the EU must provide accurate customs declarations. Missing documentation could delay shipments and trigger additional costs.

Shared Machinery Arrangements

Machinery rings, where members share tractors or other equipment, create VAT uncertainty. The cooperative must decide whether charges are taxable supplies or treated as cost-sharing.

Example
If a machinery ring invoices members for tractor use without applying VAT when required, HMRC could dispute the treatment and demand back payments.

AFRS Complications

Cooperatives dealing with farmers under the Agricultural Flat Rate Scheme (AFRS) must handle compensation payments accurately. Errors risk disadvantaging members and raising HMRC concerns.

Example
 If a cooperative fails to record AFRS compensation payments correctly, members could lose financial benefits, and the co-op could face compliance queries.

Sector-Specific Risks and Consequences

  • Partial exemption errors: Cooperatives with exempt income, such as land leasing, must apply partial exemption rules. Miscalculations can lead to significant HMRC clawbacks, often years after returns are filed.
  • AFRS mishandling: Incorrectly processed AFRS payments can create double-counting or disallowed claims, affecting both the cooperative and its members’ profitability.
  • Cross-border missteps: Co-ops trading across the Irish border face unique challenges, as goods moving between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland follow specific post-Brexit VAT and customs rules.

Working with experienced VAT accountants for agricultural cooperatives reduces these risks. They can help manage partial exemption, review AFRS transactions, and address cross-border compliance issues before they escalate into costly disputes. Apex Accountants provides practical guidance backed by sector knowledge to keep co-ops financially stable.

How Apex Accountants Supports VAT For Agricultural Cooperatives

At Apex Accountants, we work directly with agricultural cooperatives to reduce VAT risks and protect cash flow. Our interventions include:

  • We ensure compensation payments to AFRS farmers are recorded correctly so members are not disadvantaged.
  • Our team negotiates special partial exemption methods with HMRC to maximise recovery on input VAT for co-ops with significant exempt income.
  • We implement digital VAT systems under Making Tax Digital, ensuring accurate submissions and compliance.
  • For co-ops involved in exports, we prepare documentation for zero-rating and advise on customs VAT procedures.
  • Our experts provide tailored guidance for cooperatives operating near the Irish border, where VAT rules differ under Northern Ireland Protocol arrangements.

Our team provides sector-specific expertise, including tailored VAT advice for agricultural cooperatives, ensuring compliance while improving financial stability. By anticipating risks, we help co-ops avoid penalties and maintain stronger cash flow.

Conclusion

VAT is one of the most challenging areas for agricultural cooperatives, with risks ranging from partial exemption errors to mishandled AFRS payments and cross-border compliance issues. Even small mistakes can create significant financial losses and lead to HMRC intervention.

Apex Accountants delivers long-term support through practical solutions and expert guidance. Our dedicated VAT accountants for agricultural cooperatives provide you with dependable financial management that minimises risks and maintains compliance.

Contact Apex Accountants today to discuss how we can support your cooperative with tailored VAT solutions.

Do Hairdressers Charge VAT in the UK?

Posted on by Sidra

The question, “Do hairdressers charge VAT in the UK?” is one that many salon owners, freelance stylists, and mobile hairdressers often ask. The answer depends not on the type of business, but on turnover. Hairdressers in the UK must follow HMRC’s VAT (Value Added Tax) rules, which link directly to income thresholds. Once a business exceeds the set level, it must register for VAT, affecting pricing, profit margins, and customer perception.

This article provides a detailed explanation of VAT requirements for hairdressers. It covers the registration threshold, rules for different business models, exemptions, the standard VAT rate, and the practical effects on the hairdressing industry. It also highlights how Apex Accountants can help hairdressers manage VAT effectively.

What is the VAT registration threshold for hairdressers?

The VAT registration threshold is the first factor to consider. As of April 2024, the threshold stands at £90,000 in annual taxable turnover. This means that if a hairdresser, salon, or barber shop earns more than £90,000 in any consecutive twelve months, they must register for VAT with HMRC.

It is important to note that this is a rolling 12-month period. Businesses cannot simply measure from the start to the end of a tax year. For example, if a salon gradually increases its monthly turnover and reaches £90,000 over the course of May to April, the VAT registration requirement applies from that point. HMRC requires businesses to register within 30 days of crossing the threshold.

On the other hand, if turnover later drops below £88,000, a hairdresser may apply for deregistration. This flexibility helps businesses that experience seasonal fluctuations or temporary drops in revenue. However, many businesses in the sector deliberately remain under the threshold to avoid the administrative burden and financial implications of VAT.

Do all hairdressers have to charge VAT once registered?

The obligation to charge VAT does not depend on the type of business. Whether someone is a self-employed stylist, a salon owner, or a mobile hairdresser, the same rule applies: once the threshold is exceeded, VAT registration is compulsory and VAT must be charged.

  • Independent and self-employed hairdressers must register when their annual earnings from services and product sales go above £90,000. Until then, they do not charge VAT.
  • Salon businesses must take a wider view of turnover. Income from services, retail sales, and even chair rental fees from freelancers all count toward the threshold. Once this total passes £90,000, VAT registration is unavoidable.
  • Chair rental arrangements can tip many salons into VAT. HMRC clarified that chair rentals are taxable at the standard rate, meaning this income cannot be excluded.
  • Mobile hairdressers, who often earn below the threshold, usually do not charge VAT. However, if their earnings grow – perhaps by catering to events, building a larger client base, or hiring additional help – VAT may come into play.

Employees working in salons never charge VAT personally. Instead, the salon or company they work for is responsible for VAT registration and collection.

Are there any VAT exemptions for hairdressers?

There are no sector-specific VAT exemptions for hairdressers. In other words, there is no special rule that removes hairdressers from the VAT system. All standard services, such as cutting, colouring, and styling, are taxable at the standard rate.

The only exemption is the small business exemption, which applies automatically if turnover remains under the £90,000 threshold. Hairdressers in this category do not charge VAT to clients and cannot reclaim VAT on expenses. Some choose to register voluntarily to appear more established or to reclaim VAT on products, equipment, or utilities. However, once registered, they must add VAT to every taxable service and sale.

What VAT rate applies to hairdressing services?

Hairdressing services are subject to the standard VAT rate of 20%. Unlike some sectors, such as hospitality, which temporarily benefited from a reduced VAT rate during COVID-19, hairdressers have always remained at the standard rate.

For example, a £50 haircut advertised before VAT becomes £60 once VAT is added. Many salons therefore prefer to display VAT-inclusive prices to avoid confusing clients. While customers of VAT-registered businesses pay more, customers of smaller, unregistered salons or mobile hairdressers do not pay VAT on top of quoted prices.

Some salons make use of HMRC’s Flat Rate Scheme. Under this scheme, a hairdressing business still charges clients the full 20% VAT but pays HMRC a fixed percentage of gross turnover (around 13% for hairdressers). This approach simplifies VAT accounting and reduces administrative pressure, though it may not suit every business.

How does VAT affect pricing and profits for hairdressers?

VAT for hairdressers has a significant impact on pricing. Once registered, a hairdresser has two main choices:

  1. Increase prices by around 20% so the VAT is passed directly to customers. This can make services appear less competitive compared to non-registered stylists.
  2. Absorb the VAT cost and keep prices the same, but sacrifice part of the profit margin. This is often unsustainable in the long term.

Because hairdressing is labour-intensive, there are relatively few VAT-bearing expenses to claim. Wages and chair rent, for instance, do not attract VAT. As a result, many salons observe that they cannot reclaim enough input VAT to offset what they owe, making VAT registration a real challenge for profitability.

This pressure has led to calls within the industry for a reduced VAT rate, but as of 2025, no such relief has been introduced.

Conclusion: Do hairdressers charge VAT in the UK?

  • Hairdressers only charge VAT if they are VAT-registered.
  • Registration is compulsory once turnover exceeds £90,000 in any rolling 12 months.
  • VAT applies equally to salons, self-employed stylists, and mobile hairdressers.
  • All services are taxed at the standard 20% rate.
  • No specific VAT exemptions exist for the sector.

Smaller operators below the threshold do not charge VAT, which is why many remain outside the VAT system. Larger salons and growing freelancers, however, must register and adjust their pricing strategies accordingly.

How Apex Accountants can help hairdressers with VAT

For many in the hair and beauty industry, VAT is one of the most difficult financial challenges. At Apex Accountants, we work closely with salon owners, freelance stylists, and mobile hairdressers to make VAT management simpler and less stressful.

Our VAT services for hairdressers include:

  • Monitoring turnover and advising when VAT registration is required.
  • Registering businesses for VAT and handling deregistration when appropriate.
  • Preparing and filing VAT returns with HMRC.
  • Advising on pricing strategies that maintain competitiveness while staying compliant.
  • Exploring schemes such as the Flat Rate Scheme to simplify VAT reporting.
  • Representing clients in communications with HMRC and ensuring all obligations are met.

By partnering with Apex Accountants, hairdressers can focus on delivering great service to clients while we take care of VAT, compliance, and financial strategy.

Book a free consultation with Apex Accountants today and let us help your hairdressing business grow with confidence.

FAQs on VAT for Hairdressers and Beauty Salons in the UK

1. What is the VAT rate for hairdressers in the UK?

Hairdressing services in the UK are taxed at the standard VAT rate of 20%. This applies to all haircuts, styling, colouring, and similar services once a business is VAT-registered.

2. Is there VAT on beauty products in the UK?

Yes. Most beauty products, such as shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes, and cosmetics, are subject to the standard VAT rate of 20%. Only a few items, like certain health-related products, may fall under reduced or zero rates.

3. Do self-employed hairdressers have to pay VAT?

Self-employed hairdressers only need to register for VAT if their taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in any rolling 12-month period. Below this threshold, they are not required to charge VAT, although voluntary registration is allowed.

4. What do HMRC’s guidelines say about renting a chair in a salon?

According to HMRC, chair rental income is treated as taxable turnover at the standard rate. If a salon rents out chairs to freelance stylists, this rental income counts towards the VAT threshold and must be charged VAT once the threshold is exceeded.

5. Do self-employed hairdressers pay tax to HMRC?

Yes. Self-employed hairdressers must submit a self-assessment tax return each year and pay income tax and national insurance on their profits. VAT is separate and only applies if they cross the registration threshold.

6. Are beauty salons required to be VAT registered?

A beauty salon must register for VAT once its annual taxable turnover exceeds £90,000. If it remains below the threshold, registration is not required. Some salons choose to register voluntarily to reclaim VAT on expenses.

7. What is the VAT threshold in the UK?

From April 2024, the VAT registration threshold is £90,000. Businesses that exceed this limit in any consecutive 12-month period must register with HMRC within 30 days. The deregistration threshold is £88,000.

8. Do hairdressers have to pay VAT on their services?

Yes, once registered. Hairdressers who cross the VAT threshold must add 20% VAT to all their services. Those below the threshold do not charge VAT to customers.

9. Are beauty treatments subject to VAT in the UK?

Yes. All standard beauty treatments, such as facials, manicures, and waxing, are taxed at the 20% VAT rate when the salon or beautician is VAT-registered.

10. Does hairdressing attract GST instead of VAT?

No. The UK does not use GST (Goods and Services Tax). Hairdressing services in the UK are covered under VAT, with the standard rate of 20% applying to all taxable services.

11. Is VAT always 20% for everything in the UK?

No. While many goods and services, including hairdressing and beauty, are taxed at 20%, some items fall under reduced rates (5%) or are zero-rated. For hairdressers, however, services and most products are charged at the standard 20% rate.

How VAT on Urban Planning Services Affects Mixed-Use Developments

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In the UK, VAT on urban planning services can be complex, especially for mixed-use developments that combine residential, commercial, and other property types. Understanding how VAT applies across different project components is essential for urban planning companies, developers, and contractors involved in these types of projects.

VAT Treatment for Residential Projects

For residential projects, planning services are generally exempt from VAT. This means that urban planning companies providing services related to the development of residential properties do not charge VAT to their clients. However, this exemption only applies to the planning services directly related to residential property construction. In some cases, there may be 5% VAT on residential property refurbishment if the works involve qualifying renovations, but this would be a separate issue from planning services.

Commercial Property and VAT

Planning services for commercial projects, on the other hand, are typically subject to VAT at the standard rate of 20%. Urban planning companies must charge VAT on their services related to commercial developments, including retail, office, or industrial properties. This standard VAT rate applies to all professional services related to commercial planning, including architectural plans, site development strategies, and environmental assessments.

Mixed-Use Developments

Mixed-use developments, which combine both residential and commercial elements, present more complexity. For these types of projects, VAT treatment is determined based on the nature of the services being provided. Planning services are typically exempt from VAT if they relate to the residential portions of the project. However, services connected to the commercial areas of the development will be subject to VAT.

In mixed-use projects, it’s important to distinguish which services relate to the residential part of the development and which relate to the commercial part. This allows urban planning companies to apply the correct VAT treatment to different aspects of the project.

VAT on Complex Services

In many cases, urban planning companies may provide a mix of residential and commercial planning services for a single project. The overall VAT treatment may depend on the proportion of work related to each element. For instance, the VAT treatment may favour the exempt rate if residential planning constitutes the majority of the work. Conversely, if the project is predominantly commercial, VAT will likely apply.

What About New Build VAT Exemption?

For planning services related to new builds, residential developments are usually exempt from VAT. However, the New Build VAT Exemption List applies to specific types of construction, which may also include the planning services associated with them. This exemption allows developers to save on VAT costs related to the construction of new homes and residential units.

How to Avoid VAT on Building Work

It’s important to note that urban planning services themselves aren’t usually subject to VAT avoidance strategies, as VAT treatment focuses on construction and building works. However, developers involved in residential or mixed-use projects might benefit from reduced VAT rates on specific building works, such as 5% VAT on building work for certain qualifying refurbishments or residential renovations.

How Apex Accountants Can Help With VAT on Urban Planning Services

At Apex Accountants, we know what it takes to calculate VAT in mixed-use developments and residential projects. Our team of expert tax advisors is well-versed in VAT regulations specific to urban planning and construction. We can help your business navigate the intricate VAT landscape, ensuring that you apply the correct rates to residential, commercial, and mixed-use developments.

Whether you’re unsure about VAT exemptions, need guidance on reclaiming VAT on expenses, or want advice on reducing VAT liabilities, Apex Accountants is here to support you. 

Conclusion

The issue of VAT on planning services for mixed-use developments is not universally applicable. The key to managing VAT correctly lies in understanding the project’s components and how they are classified. Urban planning companies must carefully assess the services provided for residential and commercial sections of a development and apply the appropriate VAT rates. If your business is involved in mixed-use developments, it is essential to seek expert advice to ensure compliance with VAT regulations. Apex Accountants offers expert VAT guidance tailored to urban planning companies. Our experienced team can help you navigate these complexities, ensure that you stay compliant, and optimise your VAT position. Contact us today for expert VAT support in urban planning.

FAQs

  • Are all planning services exempt from VAT in the UK?

No, residential planning services are usually exempt, but commercial planning services are subject to VAT at the standard rate.

  • What is the VAT rate for commercial property planning services?

Commercial planning services are generally subject to VAT at the standard rate of 20%.

  • How is VAT handled in mixed-use developments?

VAT treatment depends on whether the services are related to the residential or commercial part of the project.

  • Can urban planning companies reclaim VAT on expenses?

Yes, urban planning companies can reclaim VAT on expenses related to their taxable services.

  • What should urban planning companies consider when working on mixed-use developments?

Companies must carefully assess the scope of work and apply the correct VAT treatment based on the project components.

  • How does the 5% VAT rate apply to building work?

The 5% VAT rate generally applies to qualifying residential renovations, which might affect the VAT treatment of the overall project.

  • How does the New Build VAT Exemption List impact planning services?

The New Build VAT Exemption List can impact planning services related to new residential developments, allowing for VAT exemptions on construction costs.

Deos Group Wins Major VAT Fraud Appeal Against HMRC

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VAT Fraud Appeal Against HMRC

The First Tier Tribunal (FTT) has delivered a decisive judgement in favour of Southampton-based Deos Group. The company challenged HMRC’s refusal to accept over £1.29 million in input VAT claims and a penalty exceeding £364,000. The VAT fraud appeal case against HMRC focused on whether Deos was aware, or should have been aware, that its supply chain was involved in VAT fraud.

Background To The Deos Group VAT Fraud Appeal

Deos Group, a small business that traditionally sold and leased office equipment, expanded into wholesale consumer electronics during 2021. This move into the ‘grey market’ brought the business under HMRC’s spotlight.

In spring 2022, Deos carried out 18 purchases from one supplier. The input VAT on these transactions totalled £1,299,083.69. HMRC rejected the claims and added a penalty under section 69C of the VAT Act 1994, arguing that the transactions were connected to fraudulent VAT evasion.

HMRC’s VAT Fraud Allegations

According to HMRC, the disputed transactions were tied to fraudulent VAT losses under the Kittel principle. This principle, drawn from European case law, prevents recovery of VAT where the trader knew, or should have known, of fraud in the chain of supply.

The case built by HMRC suggested that unusual pricing patterns and the profile of the supplier should have raised concerns for Deos. HMRC contended that the company either possessed or should have possessed knowledge of fraud associated with the supplies.

The Kittel Principle

The Kittel principle was central to this dispute. It stipulates that VAT cannot be reclaimed on transactions linked to fraud if a trader was, or ought to have been, aware of it. Critics say this principle introduces subjectivity: HMRC can allege that any deviation from its ideal trading model signals knowledge of fraud, even when the trader has no direct connection. For Deos, the question was whether it met the standard of due diligence expected of a reasonable trader.

Deos Group’s Defence

Deos, advised by David Bedenham KC of Keystone Law, argued that it had acted responsibly and carried out appropriate checks. The company stated that its business reasons for entering into the transactions were legitimate and commercially sound.

It was further argued that HMRC’s conclusions were speculative, relying on inferences rather than firm evidence. Documentation and due diligence records were provided to support Deos’s position that it conducted itself in good faith.

Tribunal’s Findings in Deos Group VAT Fraud Case

The Tribunal assessed whether Deos had actual knowledge, or whether a reasonable trader in its position should have known, that the purchases were connected to fraud.

Judge Zachary Citron found that Deos did not cross this threshold. The ruling recognised that:

  • The transactions had valid commercial explanations independent of any fraudulent activity.
  • The due diligence steps taken by Deos were proportionate for a company of its size.
  • HMRC’s VAT fraud allegations did not establish proof of knowledge or wilful blindness.

While acknowledging that fraud existed elsewhere in the supply chain, the Tribunal held that HMRC had not shown Deos to be aware of, or complicit in, that fraud.

Outcome of the VAT Fraud Appeal Against HMRC

The appeal was allowed in full. HMRC’s disallowance of £1.29 million in input VAT was overturned, and the related penalty of £364,220.64 was cancelled.

The judgement underlines an important principle: businesses should not bear penalties for fraud in the supply chain unless there is compelling proof that they knew, or deliberately ignored, such connections. It demonstrates that commercial reasoning and documented due diligence can protect traders against unsubstantiated allegations.

The Deos Group VAT fraud appeal was heard at Taylor House, London, with the decision issued on 21 August 2025. Following the outcome, HMRC announced it was reviewing the judgement and considering its options.

Key Lessons Learned from Deos Group HMRC Case

  • Document every step: Maintain thorough records for supplier checks, contracts, and VAT verification procedures. Proper documentation can help demonstrate that you acted in good faith if HMRC raises questions.
  • Understand your supply chain: Investigate suppliers and sub-suppliers, especially when dealing with wholesale or grey-market goods, to confirm their legitimacy and VAT compliance.
  • Monitor pricing anomalies: Sudden or unexplained price differences can indicate fraud. If a price seems too good to be true, be cautious and consider seeking professional advice.
  • Seek specialist advice early: Don’t wait until HMRC makes an allegation. Consulting a tax specialist or accountant early can help you identify potential VAT risks and mitigate problems before they arise.

Apex Accountants’ Perspective on Deos Group HMRC Case

The appeal by the Deos Group regarding VAT fraud against HMRC is a clear reminder of how important evidence-based decision-making is in tax disputes. From our perspective, the case demonstrates that HMRC cannot rely on assumptions or speculative inferences when challenging a business. A trader’s responsibility is to carry out reasonable due diligence, but the burden of proof remains with HMRC.

This ruling provides reassurance that when proper checks are in place and records are maintained, businesses should not be unfairly penalised for fraud elsewhere in the supply chain. At Apex Accountants, we view this outcome as a significant precedent that strengthens the position of compliant companies who operate in good faith.

How Apex Accountants Can Help

  • Comprehensive VAT risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities in your trading networks and recommend compliance improvements.
  • Supplier due diligence support includes vetting suppliers, checking VAT registration status and ensuring transactions have a legitimate commercial rationale.
  • Representation in HMRC disputes, guiding you through investigations and, if necessary, presenting your case at tribunals.
  • Tailored compliance training for directors and finance teams to recognise potential VAT fraud indicators.

At Apex Accountants, we support businesses facing VAT challenges with clear guidance and practical solutions. Whether you need advice on compliance, help with due diligence, or representation in a dispute, our team is here to assist. Get in touch today to discuss how we can safeguard your business.

VAT Rules for Post-Production Facilities

Posted on by Sidra

The UK post-production sector plays a key role in film, TV, advertising, and streaming. Facilities deliver editing, sound, grading, and visual effects for projects worth millions. Alongside creative work, they must follow strict VAT rules that shape pricing, invoicing, and cash flow. At Apex Accountants, we support post-production companies with tailored VAT advice. Our team combines industry knowledge with tax expertise to manage obligations accurately. From reclaiming VAT on software like Avid or DaVinci Resolve to applying zero rating for overseas clients, we help facilities reduce errors and stay HMRC-compliant. This article explains the VAT rules for post-production facilities that matter most. We cover VAT registration thresholds, cross-border invoicing, freelancer recharges, VAT recovery on specialist kit, and Making Tax Digital requirements. Understanding these rules protects profits, prevents HMRC penalties, and keeps financial processes as sharp as the creative work you deliver.

VAT registration for post-production companies

UK businesses must register for VAT once taxable turnover passes £90,000. VAT registration for post-production companies often happens quickly when billing multiple clients. For example, one feature film project can generate invoices worth more than £100,000. Registering early avoids late penalties and allows recovery of VAT on costly hardware such as edit suites and render farms.

VAT on editing, grading, and VFX services

Most post-production services — offline and online editing, sound mixing, colour grading, ADR, Foley, and VFX compositing — are standard-rated at 20%. Invoices to UK production companies must show VAT clearly. If services are exported to non-UK businesses, zero rating may apply, but only when evidence such as contracts, overseas addresses, and VAT numbers are held on file.

Cross-border client rules

International work is common in post-production. Under the supply rules, VAT depends on the client type:

  • B2B non-UK clients: No UK VAT charged. The reverse charge applies, so the overseas business accounts for VAT locally.
  • B2C non-UK clients: UK VAT may still apply. For example, editing a wedding video for a US individual would attract UK VAT at 20%.

Correct invoices must reference the reverse charge or standard VAT, depending on the case.

VAT on recharged costs and freelancers

Facilities often recharge freelancer invoices for editors, colourists, or sound designers. HMRC usually treats these recharges as part of the supply, meaning VAT must be added even if the freelancer is not VAT-registered. Similarly, recharges for studio hire or licensed music libraries need VAT treatment aligned with the main service. Missteps here are a common HMRC enquiry trigger.

VAT recovery on specialist kit

Input VAT on industry-standard software such as Avid, DaVinci Resolve, or Adobe Creative Cloud can usually be reclaimed. The same applies to editing hardware, servers, and calibrated monitors. However, if the facility also earns exempt income (such as certain training or grant-funded activities), partial exemption rules may restrict recovery. Usage logs help defend claims.

Making Tax Digital for VAT

Every VAT-registered facility must comply with Making Tax Digital for post-production companies. VAT returns must be submitted through compatible software such as Xero, QuickBooks, or Sage. Linking spreadsheets manually is no longer allowed. Non-compliance can result in HMRC penalties starting at £200.

How Apex Accountants simplify VAT rules for post-production facilities

VAT errors do more than reduce profits. They create compliance risks, delay payments, and damage relationships with clients and freelancers. In post-production, where projects often involve international contracts and large recharges, even small mistakes can attract HMRC attention.

That is why many post-production facilities choose Apex Accountants. We provide VAT advice that is practical, industry-specific, and backed by years of experience with creative businesses. Whether you need clarity on cross-border invoicing, guidance on VAT recovery for VFX software, or support with Making Tax Digital for post-production companies, we deliver solutions that fit your workflow.

Our goal is simple: give you confidence that VAT will never hold back your creative projects. With Apex Accountants managing the tax side, you can focus on delivering content on time and on budget.

Contact Apex Accountants today to secure VAT compliance for your post-production facility.

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