Category: SEIS

Understanding Connected Person SEIS: Rules & Eligibility

Posted on by Mohsin Khan

The Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme (SEIS) provides significant benefits to investors. However, understanding the concept of being ‘connected’ to the company is vital for determining eligibility. If an investor qualifies as a connected person, they lose access to Connected Person SEIS. Therefore, investors must understand what makes them a connected person and how this affects their SEIS eligibility.

Definition of a ‘Connected Person’

Under SEIS rules, a person becomes ‘connected’ to the company when they exert significant influence over it. This influence can appear through shareholding, voting rights, or specific familial relationships. 

The primary criteria for being deemed connected include:

Shareholding and Voting Rights:

An investor becomes connected if they hold more than 30% of the company’s shares or voting rights. This threshold stops individuals with substantial control over the company from accessing Connected Person SEIS.

Employment Status:

If the investor works as an employee of the company, they are considered connected. However, serving as a director does not automatically make them connected. As long as the director avoids significant shareholding or voting rights, they remain eligible. Investors must follow SEIS Investment Rules carefully to ensure compliance.

Family Connections:

Close relatives, including spouses, parents, children, and siblings, can make an investor connected if their combined family shareholding exceeds 30%. This rule stops Connected Person SEIS from benefiting individuals who could exert undue influence over the company.

Understanding these criteria helps ensure Connected Person benefits genuine external investors.

Implications for Eligibility

If the investor qualifies as connected, they cannot claim on their investment. This rule keeps Connected Person SEIS exclusive to external investors who take on financial risk.

To navigate these complexities, SEIS Expert Assistance provides invaluable guidance. Advisors assess the connection status of investors and ensure compliance with SEIS regulations.

Worked Examples

Example 1: Shareholding and Voting Rights

Scenario: John invests in an SEIS-eligible company and acquires 25% of the shares.

Outcome: John does not qualify as connected and remains eligible for Connected Person SEIS.

Change: If John buys additional shares, increasing his total shareholding to 35%, he becomes connected and loses eligibility for Connected Person SEIS from that point onward.

Example 2: Employment Status

Scenario: Sarah works as a director of an SEIS-eligible company with a 10% shareholding.

Outcome: Sarah does not qualify as connected because her directorship alone does not make her connected. She remains eligible for Connected Person SEIS.

Change: If Sarah transitions to an employee role within the company, she becomes connected and loses eligibility for Connected Person SEIS.

Example 3: Family Connections

Scenario: Michael, his wife, and his brother each hold 15% of the shares in an SEIS-eligible company.

Outcome: Individually, none of them qualify as connected. However, their collective family shareholding adds up to 45%, which makes them connected and ineligible for Connected Person SEIS.

Get Expert Assistance!

Understanding the connection rules helps investors maximise the benefits of SEIS investments. At Apex Accountants, we guide you through Connected Person SEIS rules and align your investments with SEIS Investment Rules. Our team of experienced advisors at SEIS Expert Assistance will help you navigate the regulations and safeguard your eligibility.

For tailored advice to meet SEIS requirements, consult our experts today. Protect your SEIS Tax Planning and stay confident with Apex Accountants. Contact us now to create a comprehensive strategy that meets your needs.

How to Claim SEIS Loss Relief for Both Connected and Unconnected Investor

Posted on by Mohsin Khan


The Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme (SEIS) and the Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS) offer significant tax reliefs, including SEIS loss relief, to mitigate investment risks. SEIS loss relief allows investors to offset losses against their taxable income, providing a valuable safety net. Here’s a detailed explanation of how SEIS/EIS loss relief functions and the conditions for claiming SEIS/EIS loss relief, applicable to both connected and unconnected investors.

Understanding SEIS Loss Relief


SEIS loss relief reduces the financial impact when an investment does not perform as expected. Investors can offset losses against their other taxable income, thereby reducing their overall tax liability. This loss relief benefits both connected and unconnected investors, though they must meet specific conditions to qualify. Additionally, understanding how SEIS/EIS loss relief interacts with other tax relief forms is crucial to maximising your investment strategy.

Conditions for Claiming SEIS/EIS Loss Relief

General Conditions:

  • Qualifying Shares
    The shares must be qualifying SEIS or EIS shares. This means they should meet the criteria set out by HMRC, ensuring they are eligible for the associated tax reliefs.
  • Investment Loss
    The investor must have sold or disposed of the shares at a loss. The loss is calculated based on the difference between the amount invested and the amount recovered.
  • Holding Period
    The shares must be held for at least three years to qualify for full relief. However, partial relief may be available if the shares are sold earlier, under certain conditions set by HMRC.

Connected Investors


Connected investors, such as company directors or major shareholders, can claim SEIS/EIS loss relief on the capital loss but not on the income tax relief. This means they can offset the loss against capital gains, helping to reduce their overall Capital Gains Tax (CGT) liability. However, the limitation on income tax relief can reduce the overall tax benefits.

Unconnected Investors


Unconnected investors who are not closely linked to the company can claim SEIS loss relief against their income tax. This provides a more substantial loss relief, making it a more attractive option for those looking to minimise their taxable income. The ability to offset losses against income tax, rather than just capital gains, enhances the effectiveness of SEIS and EIS as risk mitigation tools.

Worked Examples

Example 1: Unconnected Investor

Scenario: Jane invests £10,000 in an SEIS-eligible company. Unfortunately, the company fails, and her shares become worthless.

Claim: Jane can initially claim 50% income tax relief (£5,000). The remaining loss (£5,000) can then be offset against her taxable income.

Outcome: If Jane’s tax rate is 40%, she can reduce her tax liability by an additional £2,000, making her effective loss only £3,000. This significant reduction in her overall loss showcases the strength of SEIS/EIS loss relief for unconnected investors.

Example 2: Connected Investor

Scenario: John, who is a director with a 20% shareholding, invests £10,000 in an SEIS-eligible company that eventually fails.

Claim: John can only claim SEIS/EIS loss relief against capital gains, not income tax, due to his connection to the company.

Outcome: If John has capital gains, he can offset the £10,000 loss against these gains, reducing his overall CGT liability. Although John doesn’t benefit from income tax relief, the ability to offset the loss still provides a valuable tax-saving opportunity.

Claiming Process

  • Calculate the Loss: First, determine the amount of the loss by subtracting any initial tax relief claimed from the total investment. This step ensures that you have an accurate figure for your tax return.
  • Amend Tax Return: Include the loss in your tax return, specifying whether it offsets income or capital gains. Accurate reporting is essential to avoid any issues with HMRC.
  • Submit to HMRC: Provide evidence of the investment and the loss, and submit the claim to HMRC. Ensuring all documentation is in order will help streamline the claiming process.

Safety Nets of SEIS and EIS

Both SEIS and EIS provide robust safety nets through tax reliefs and SEIS/EIS loss relief, making high-risk investments more attractive. These schemes offer a range of benefits that can significantly enhance the attractiveness of investing in smaller, high-potential companies.

  • Income Tax Relief: 50% for SEIS and 30% for EIS, providing an immediate tax-saving benefit.
  • Capital Gains Tax Exemptions: Gains on SEIS/EIS shares held for three years are exempt from CGT, adding a long-term benefit for successful investments.
  • Loss Relief: It offsets losses against income or capital gains, reducing overall tax liability and effectively managing the risks associated with high-risk investments.

Why You Need Apex Accountants


At Apex Accountants, our SEIS specialists UK have extensive experience in helping investors navigate the complexities of SEIS/EIS loss relief. We understand that each investor’s situation is unique, and we can assist you with:

  • Determining Your Eligibility for SEIS/EIS Loss Relief: Ensuring that you meet all the necessary criteria to maximise your tax benefits.
  • Calculating Potential Tax Savings: Providing detailed calculations to show how much you can save through loss relief.
  • Preparing and Submitting Your Tax Return: Handling all the paperwork and submissions to HMRC, ensuring compliance and accuracy.
  • Maximising Your Loss Relief Claim: Advising on the best strategies to claim the loss relief and minimise your tax liability.
  • Providing Ongoing Support and Advice: Offering continuous support to help you make informed investment decisions and manage your tax affairs effectively.

Utilising SEIS/EIS loss relief significantly mitigates investment risks. Whether you are a connected or unconnected investor, SEIS and EIS provide valuable safety nets to protect your investments. Contact our SEIS specialists UK today for personalised advice and effective navigation of the claiming process.

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